Philip Shapira
Part-Time Professor
- School of Public Policy
- Technology Policy and Assessment Center
Overview
Philip Shapira is a Professor in the School of Public Policy at Georgia Institute of Technology and Professor of Management, Innovation and Policy with the Manchester Institute of Innovation Research, Alliance Manchester Business School, University of Manchester. His interests encompass science and technology policy, economic and regional development, innovation management and policy, industrial competitiveness, technology trajectories and assessment, innovation measurement, and policy evaluation. Prof. Shapira's current and recent research includes projects that examine nanotechnology research and innovation systems assessment, responsible research and innovation in synthetic biology, and next generation manufacturing and institutions for technology diffusion. Prof. Shapira is a director of the Georgia Tech Program in Science, Technology and Innovation Policy and the Georgia Manufacturing Survey. He is co-editor (with J. Edler, P. Cunningham, and A. Gök) of the Handbook of Innovation Policy Impact (Edward Elgar 2016) and (with R. Smits and S. Kuhlmann) of Innovation Policy: Theory and Practice. An International Handbook (Edward Elgar, 2010). Prof. Shapira is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts.
For recent publications and blogs by Prof. Shapira, please visit: Google Scholar and pshapira.net.
Philip Shapira is on X (formerly Twitter) @pshapira and Masodon @pshapira@sciences.social
- Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley, City and Regional Planning
- M.A., University of California, Berkeley, Economics
- M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, City Planning
- Dip.TP (Dist.), Gloucestershire College of Art and Design, U.K.
Interests
- Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy
Focuses:
- Asia (East)
- Europe
- United States
- United States - Georgia
- Regional Development
- Emerging Technologies - Innovation
- Small and Midsize Enterprises
- Technology Management and Policy
Publications
Recent Publications
Journal Articles
- Large-scale text analysis using generative language models: A case study in discovering public value expressions in AI patents
In: Quantitative Science Studies [Peer Reviewed]
Date: March 2024
We put forward a novel approach using a generative language model (GPT-4) to produce labels and rationales for large-scale text analysis. The approach is used to discover public value expressions in patents. Using text (5.4 million sentences) for 154,934 US AI patent documents from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), we design a semi-automated, human-supervised framework for identifying and labeling public value expressions in these sentences. A GPT-4 prompt is developed that includes definitions, guidelines, examples, and rationales for text classification. We evaluate the labels and rationales produced by GPT-4 using BLEU scores and topic modeling, finding that they are accurate, diverse, and faithful. GPT-4 achieved an advanced recognition of public value expressions from our framework, which it also uses to discover unseen public value expressions. The GPT-produced labels are used to train BERT-based classifiers and predict sentences on the entire database, achieving high F1 scores for the 3-class (0.85) and 2-class classification (0.91) tasks. We discuss the implications of our approach for conducting large-scale text analyses with complex and abstract concepts. With careful framework design and interactive human oversight, we suggest that generative language models can offer significant assistance in producing labels and rationales.
- Innovation intermediaries at the convergence of digital technologies, sustainability, and governance: A case study of AI-enabled engineering biology
In: Technovation [Peer Reviewed]
Date: January 2024
We probe the missions and practices of innovation intermediaries involved in the convergence of digital technologies, focusing on the case of AI-enabled engineering biology (AI-EB). As in other areas of emerging digitalization, applications and commercialization in this convergent technology domain raise multiple societal, ethical, and sustainability questions. Through interviews with various stakeholders involved in the AI-EB innovation ecosystem, we explore the extent to which these innovation intermediaries, as pivotal actors in innovation ecosystem development, are embedding attention to societal and sustainability objectives and concerns as well as facilitating economic goals. Notwithstanding available frameworks for responsible innovation that encourage attention to societal and sustainability implications, we find that innovation intermediaries in the engineering biology domain continue to emphasize conventional scale-up and commercialization approaches. Insights for intermediary development, research management, and policy are explored.
Working Papers
- Building the bioeconomy: A targeted assessment approach to identifying biobased technologies, challenges and opportunities in the UK
In: bioRxiv
Date: August 2023
We explore opportunities, challenges, and strategies to translate and responsibly scale innovative biobased technologies to build more sustainable bioeconomies. The pandemic and other recent disruptions have increased exposure to issues of resilience and regional imbalance and raised attention to pathways that could shift production and consumption regimes based more on local biobased resources and dispersed production. The paper reviews potential biobased technologies strategies and then identifies promising and feasible options with a focus on the United Kingdom. Initial landscape and bibliometric analyses identified 50 potential existing and emerging potential biobased technologies. These technologies were assessed for their ability to fulfil requirements related to biobased production, national applicability, and economic, societal, and environmental benefits, leading to identification of 18 promising biobased production technologies. Through further analysis and focus group discussion with industrial, governmental, academic, agricultural, and social stakeholders, three technology clusters were identified for targeted assessment, drawing on cellulose-, lignin-, and seaweed-feedstocks. Case studies for each of these clusters were developed, addressing conversations around sustainable management and the use of biomass feedstocks, and associated environmental, social, and economic challenges. These cases are presented with discussion of insights and implications for policy. The approach presented in the paper is put forward as a scalable assessment method which can be useful in prompting, informing, and advancing discussion and deliberation on opportunities and challenges for biobased transformations.
- Applications and Societal Implications of Artificial Intelligence in Manufacturing: A Systematic Review
In: arXiv
Date: July 2023
This paper undertakes a systematic review of relevant extant literature to consider the potential societal implications of the growth of AI in manufacturing. We analyze the extensive range of AI applications in this domain, such as interfirm logistics coordination, firm procurement management, predictive maintenance, and shop-floor monitoring and control of processes, machinery, and workers. Additionally, we explore the uncertain societal implications of industrial AI, including its impact on the workforce, job upskilling and deskilling, cybersecurity vulnerability, and environmental consequences. After building a typology of AI applications in manufacturing, we highlight the diverse possibilities for AI's implementation at different scales and application types. We discuss the importance of considering AI's implications both for individual firms and for society at large, encompassing economic prosperity, equity, environmental health, and community safety and security. The study finds that there is a predominantly optimistic outlook in prior literature regarding AI's impact on firms, but that there is substantial debate and contention about adverse effects and the nature of AI's societal implications. The paper draws analogies to historical cases and other examples to provide a contextual perspective on potential societal effects of industrial AI. Ultimately, beneficial integration of AI in manufacturing will depend on the choices and priorities of various stakeholders, including firms and their managers and owners, technology developers, civil society organizations, and governments. A broad and balanced awareness of opportunities and risks among stakeholders is vital not only for successful and safe technical implementation but also to construct a socially beneficial and sustainable future for manufacturing in the age of AI.
- Large-Scale Text Analysis Using Generative Language Models: A Case Study in Discovering Public Value Expressions in AI Patents
In: arXiv
Date: May 2023
Labeling data is essential for training text classifiers but is often difficult to accomplish accurately, especially for complex and abstract concepts. Seeking an improved method, this paper employs a novel approach using a generative language model (GPT-4) to produce labels and rationales for large-scale text analysis. We apply this approach to the task of discovering public value expressions in US AI patents. We collect a database comprising 154,934 patent documents using an advanced Boolean query submitted to InnovationQ+. The results are merged with full patent text from the USPTO, resulting in 5.4 million sentences. We design a framework for identifying and labeling public value expressions in these AI patent sentences. A prompt for GPT-4 is developed which includes definitions, guidelines, examples, and rationales for text classification. We evaluate the quality of the labels and rationales produced by GPT-4 using BLEU scores and topic modeling and find that they are accurate, diverse, and faithful. These rationales also serve as a chain-of-thought for the model, a transparent mechanism for human verification, and support for human annotators to overcome cognitive limitations. We conclude that GPT-4 achieved a high-level of recognition of public value theory from our framework, which it also uses to discover unseen public value expressions. We use the labels produced by GPT-4 to train BERT-based classifiers and predict sentences on the entire database, achieving high F1 scores for the 3-class (0.85) and 2-class classification (0.91) tasks. We discuss the implications of our approach for conducting large-scale text analyses with complex and abstract concepts and suggest that, with careful framework design and interactive human oversight, generative language models can offer significant advantages in quality and in reduced time and costs for producing labels and rationales.
All Publications
Books
- Handbook of Innovation Policy Impact
Date: 2016
- The theory and practice of innovation policy: an international research handbook
Date: 2010
- Rethinking regional innovation and change: Path dependency or regional breakthrough
Date: 2005
- Learning from science and technology policy evaluation: Experiences from the United States and Europe
Date: 2003
- Innovation in production: the adoption and impacts of new manufacturing concepts in German industry
Date: 1999
- Bulgaria in transition: environmental consequences of political and economic transformation
Date: 1998
- The R&D workers: managing innovation in Britain, Germany, Japan, and the United states
Date: 1995
- Planning for Cities and Regions in Japan
Date: 1994
Journal Articles
- Large-scale text analysis using generative language models: A case study in discovering public value expressions in AI patents
In: Quantitative Science Studies [Peer Reviewed]
Date: March 2024
We put forward a novel approach using a generative language model (GPT-4) to produce labels and rationales for large-scale text analysis. The approach is used to discover public value expressions in patents. Using text (5.4 million sentences) for 154,934 US AI patent documents from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), we design a semi-automated, human-supervised framework for identifying and labeling public value expressions in these sentences. A GPT-4 prompt is developed that includes definitions, guidelines, examples, and rationales for text classification. We evaluate the labels and rationales produced by GPT-4 using BLEU scores and topic modeling, finding that they are accurate, diverse, and faithful. GPT-4 achieved an advanced recognition of public value expressions from our framework, which it also uses to discover unseen public value expressions. The GPT-produced labels are used to train BERT-based classifiers and predict sentences on the entire database, achieving high F1 scores for the 3-class (0.85) and 2-class classification (0.91) tasks. We discuss the implications of our approach for conducting large-scale text analyses with complex and abstract concepts. With careful framework design and interactive human oversight, we suggest that generative language models can offer significant assistance in producing labels and rationales.
- Innovation intermediaries at the convergence of digital technologies, sustainability, and governance: A case study of AI-enabled engineering biology
In: Technovation [Peer Reviewed]
Date: January 2024
We probe the missions and practices of innovation intermediaries involved in the convergence of digital technologies, focusing on the case of AI-enabled engineering biology (AI-EB). As in other areas of emerging digitalization, applications and commercialization in this convergent technology domain raise multiple societal, ethical, and sustainability questions. Through interviews with various stakeholders involved in the AI-EB innovation ecosystem, we explore the extent to which these innovation intermediaries, as pivotal actors in innovation ecosystem development, are embedding attention to societal and sustainability objectives and concerns as well as facilitating economic goals. Notwithstanding available frameworks for responsible innovation that encourage attention to societal and sustainability implications, we find that innovation intermediaries in the engineering biology domain continue to emphasize conventional scale-up and commercialization approaches. Insights for intermediary development, research management, and policy are explored.
- The digitalisation paradox of everyday scientific labour: How mundane knowledge work is amplified and diversified in the biosciences
In: Research Policy [Peer Reviewed]
Date: January 2023
This paper examines how automation and digitalisation influence the way everyday scientific work practices are organised and conducted. Drawing on a practice-based study of the field of synthetic biology, the paper uses ethnographic, interview and survey data to offer a sociomaterial and relational perspective of technological change. As automation and digitalisation are deployed in research settings, our results show the emergence and persistence of what we call ‘mundane knowledge work’, including practices of checking, sharing and standardising data; and preparing, repairing and supervising laboratory robots. While these are subsidiary practices that are often invisible in comparison to scientific outputs used to measure performance, we find that mundane knowledge work constitutes a fundamental part of automated and digitalised biosciences, shaping scientists' working time and responsibilities. Contrary to expectations of the removal of such work by automation and digitalisation, we show that mundane work around data and robots persists through ‘amplification’ and ‘diversification’ processes. We argue that the persistence of mundane knowledge work suggests a digitalization paradox in the context of everyday labour: while robotics and advanced data analytics aim at simplifying work processes, they also contribute to increasing their complexity in terms of number and diversity of tasks in creative, knowledge-intensive professions.
- Analyzing research outcomes and spillovers at a U.S. nanotechnology user facility
In: Journal of Nanoparticle Research [Peer Reviewed]
Date: November 2022
- Analyzing research outcomes and spillovers at a US nanotechnology user facility
In: Journal of Nanoparticle Research [Peer Reviewed]
Date: November 2022
Abstract
This paper maps research outcomes and identifies spillover effects at a US University Research Center (URC) that offers user facilities for nanotechnology research. We use scientometric and network science approaches to analyze measures of topical orientation, productivity, impact, and collaboration applied to URC-related Web of Science abstract publications records. A focus is on the analysis of spillover effects on external organizations (i.e., non-affiliated users). Our findings suggest the URC’s network relies on external organizations acting as brokers, to provide access to the facilities to other external organizations. Analysis of heterophily indicates that collaboration among internal and external organizations is enhanced by the facilities, while articles written by a mix of co-authors affiliated with internal and external organizations are likely to be more cited. These results provide insights on how URCs with user facilities can create conditions for diverse collaboration and greater research impact.
- Building a Bottom-Up Bioeconomy
In: Issues in Science and Technology
Date: 2022
- Commercializing Emerging Technologies through Networks: Insights from Strategies of UK Nanotechnology Small and Midsize Enterprises
In: Journal of Technology Transfer [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2022
- Policy interactions with research trajectories: The case of cyber-physical convergence in manufacturing and industrials
In: Technological Forecasting and Social Change [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2022
- Mapping technological innovation dynamics in artificial intelligence domains: Evidence from a global patent analysis
In: PLoS ONE [Peer Reviewed]
Date: December 2021
Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a technology at the center of many political, economic, and societal debates. This paper formulates a new AI patent search strategy and applies this to provide a landscape analysis of AI innovation dynamics and technology evolution. The paper uses patent analyses, network analyses, and source path link count algorithms to examine AI spatial and temporal trends, cooperation features, cross-organization knowledge flow and technological routes. Results indicate a growing yet concentrated, non-collaborative and multi-path development and protection profile for AI patenting, with cross-organization knowledge flows based mainly on interorganizational knowledge citation links.
- Policy interactions with research trajectories: The case of cyber-physical convergence in manufacturing and industrials
In: Technological Forecasting and Social Change [Peer Reviewed]
Date: November 2021
From the early 2010s, policymakers and firms in advanced industrial economies began introducing approaches to systemically exploit manufacturing and industrial data (the notion of cyber-physical convergence). Three innovation concepts were especially highlighted: Smart Manufacturing, Industrial Internet and Industrie 4.0. In parallel, academics have employed these concepts in numerous ways to promote their work. Despite this broad interest, precise definition and delineation of the cyber-physical convergence research domain have received little attention. Also missing is systematic knowledge on the interactions of these concepts with research trajectories. This paper fills these gaps by operationalising a newly constructed definition of convergence, and delineating the associated research domain into five data-centric capabilities: Monitoring, Analytics, Modelling-and-Simulation, Transmission and Security. A bibliometric analysis of the domain is then performed for 2010–2019. There are three findings. First, Analytics and Security have assumed strategic positions within the domain, coinciding with a “strategic turn” in policy. Second, backed by concerted policy and funding efforts, growth in Chinese scientific output has outpaced key competitors U.S. and Germany. Finally, the patterns of promoting their works in terms of the three concepts differ significantly among U.S.-, Germany- and China-based authors, which mirrors the different policy discourses prevalent in those countries.
- Tracking developments in artificial intelligence research: constructing and applying a new search strategy
In: Scientometrics [Peer Reviewed]
Date: February 2021
Artificial intelligence, as an emerging and multidisciplinary domain of research and innovation, has attracted growing attention in recent years. Delineating the domain composition
of artificial intelligence is central to profiling and tracking its development and trajectories. This paper puts forward a bibliometric definition for artificial intelligence which can
be readily applied, including by researchers, managers, and policy analysts. Our approach starts with benchmark records of artificial intelligence captured by using a core keyword
and specialized journal search. We then extract candidate terms from high frequency keywords of benchmark records, refine keywords and complement with the subject category
“artificial intelligence”. We assess our search approach by comparing it with other three recent search strategies of artificial intelligence, using a common source of articles from
the Web of Science. Using this source, we then profile patterns of growth and international diffusion of scientific research in artificial intelligence in recent years, identify top
research sponsors in funding artificial intelligence and demonstrate how diverse disciplines contribute to the multidisciplinary development of artificial intelligence. We conclude with
implications for search strategy development and suggestions of lines for further research. - Bioengineering Horizon Scan 2020
In: eLife [Peer Reviewed]
Date: May 2020
Horizon scanning is intended to identify the opportunities and threats associated with technological, regulatory and social change. In 2017 some of the present authors conducted a horizon scan for bioengineering (Wintle et al., 2017). Here we report the results of a new horizon scan that is based on inputs from a larger and more international group of 38 participants. The final list of 20 issues includes topics spanning from the political (the regulation of genomic data, increased philanthropic funding and malicious uses of neurochemicals) to the environmental (crops for changing climates and agricultural gene drives). The early identification of such issues is relevant to researchers, policy-makers and the wider public.
- Private and public values of innovation: A patent analysis of synthetic biology
In: Research Policy [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2020
Emerging science and technology fields are increasingly expected to provide solutions to societal grand challenges. The promise of such solutions frequently underwrites claims for the public funding of research. In parallel, universities, public research organizations and, in particular, private enterprises draw on such research to actively secure property rights over potential applications through patenting. Patents represent a claim to garner financial returns from the novel outcomes of science and technology. This is justified by the potential social value promised by patents as they encourage information sharing, further R&D investment, and the useful application of new knowledge. Indeed, the value of patents has generated longstanding academic interest in innovation studies with many scholars investigating its determinants based on econometric models. Yet, this research has largely focused on evaluating factors that influence the market value of patents and the gains from exclusivity rights granted to inventions, which reflect the private value of a patent. However, the patent system is a socially shaped enterprise where private and public concerns intersect. Despite the notion of the social utility of inventions as a patenting condition, and evidence of disconnection between societal needs and the goals of private actors, less attention has been paid to other interpretations of patent value. This paper investigates the various articulations of value delineated by patents in an emerging science and technology domain. As a pilot study, we analyse patents in synthetic biology, contributing a new analytical framework and classification of private and public values at the intersections of science, economy, and society. After considering the legal, business, social and political dimensions of patenting, we undertake a qualitative and systematic examination of patent content in synthetic biology. Our analysis probes the private and public value propositions that are framed in these patents in terms of the potential private and public benefits of research and innovation. Based on this framework, we shed light on questions of what values are being nurtured in inventions in synthetic biology and discuss how attention to public as well as private values opens up promising avenues of research in science, technology and innovation policy.
- Collaborating constructively for sustainable biotechnology
In: Scientific Reports [Peer Reviewed]
Date: December 2019
Tackling the pressing sustainability needs of society will require the development and application of new technologies. Biotechnology, emboldened by recent advances in synthetic biology, offers to generate sustainable biologically-based routes to chemicals and materials as alternatives to fossil-derived incumbents. Yet, the sustainability potential of biotechnology is not without trade-offs. Here, we probe this capacity for sustainability for the case of bio-based nylon using both deliberative and analytical approaches within a framework of Constructive Sustainability Assessment. We highlight the potential for life cycle CO2 and N2O savings with bio-based processes, but report mixed results in other environmental and social impact categories. Importantly, we demonstrate how this knowledge can be generated collaboratively and constructively within companies at an early stage to anticipate consequences and to inform the modification of designs and applications. Application of the approach demonstrated here provides an avenue for technological actors to better understand and become responsive to the sustainability implications of their products, systems and actions.
- Aligning sustainability assessment with responsible research and innovation: Towards a framework for Constructive Sustainability Assessment
In: Sustainable Production and Consumption [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2019
- Anticipating governance challenges in synthetic biology: Insights from biosynthetic menthol
In: Technological Forecasting & Social Change [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2019
- Identifying Author Heritage Using Surname Data: An Application for Russian Surnames
In: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2019
- Redistributed Manufacturing and the Impact of Big Data: A Consumer Goods Perspective
In: Production Planning & Control [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2019
- Evaluating the Impact of Manufacturing Extension Services on Establishment Performance
In: Economic Development Quarterly [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2018
- Exploring Links between Innovation and Profitability in Georgia Manufacturers
In: Economic Development Quarterly [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2018
- Introducing the dilemma of societal alignment for inclusive and responsible research and innovation
In: Journal of Responsible Innovation [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2018
- Mapping the Emergence of International University Research Ventures
In: Journal of Technology Transfer [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2018
- Research network emergence: societal issues in nanotechnology and the center for nanotechnology in society
In: Science and Public Policy [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2018
- The Values of Synthetic Biology: Researcher Views of Their Field and Participation in Public Engagement.
In: Bioscience [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2018
- Using webmining to explore Triple Helix influences on growth in small and mid-size firms
In: Technovation [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2018
- Institutionalization of international university research ventures
In: Research Policy [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2017
- Tracking researchers and their outputs: New insights from ORCIDs
In: Scientometrics [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2017
- Tracking the emergence of synthetic biology
In: Scientometrics [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2017
- Using the wayback machine to mine websites in the social sciences: A methodological resource
In: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology [Peer Reviewed]
Date: August 2016
© 2015 The Authors. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of ASIS&T.Websites offer an unobtrusive data source for developing and analyzing information about various types of social science phenomena. In this paper, we provide a methodological resource for social scientists looking to expand their toolkit using unstructured web-based text, and in particular, with the Wayback Machine, to access historical website data. After providing a literature review of existing research that uses the Wayback Machine, we put forward a step-by-step description of how the analyst can design a research project using archived websites. We draw on the example of a project that analyzes indicators of innovation activities and strategies in 300 U.S. small- and medium-sized enterprises in green goods industries. We present six steps to access historical Wayback website data: (a) sampling, (b) organizing and defining the boundaries of the web crawl, (c) crawling, (d) website variable operationalization, (e) integration with other data sources, and (f) analysis. Although our examples draw on specific types of firms in green goods industries, the method can be generalized to other areas of research. In discussing the limitations and benefits of using the Wayback Machine, we note that both machine and human effort are essential to developing a high-quality data set from archived web information. - Science system path-dependencies and their influences: nanotechnology research in Russia
In: Scientometrics
Date: May 2016
© 2016, The Author(s).In this paper, we study the influence of path dependencies on the development of an emerging technology in a transitional economy. Our focus is the development of nanotechnology in Russia in the period between 1990 and 2012. By examining outputs, publication paths and collaboration patterns, we identify a series of factors that help to explain Russia’s limited success in leveraging its ambitious national nanotechnology initiative. The analysis highlights four path-dependent tendencies of Russian nanotechnology research: publication pathways and the gatekeeping role of the Russian Academy of Sciences; increasing geographical and institutional centralisation of nanotechnology research; limited institutional diffusion; and patterns associated with the internationalisation of Russian research. We discuss policy implications related to path dependence, nanotechnology research in Russia and to the broader reform of the Russian science system. - Low carbon innovation and enterprise growth in the UK: Challenges of a place-blind policy mix
In: Technological Forecasting and Social Change
Date: February 2016
© 2015 The Authors.This paper uses a policy mix approach to examine the institutional and governance issues arising from the UK's support for innovation in low carbon manufacturing sectors. The paper draws on interviews with managers of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises as well as policy practitioners and industry experts. The analysis of these interviews highlights issues in the multi-scalar design and delivery of these policies, including gaps and tensions in the policy mix, as well as the importance, and relative neglect of, regional institutional entrepreneurship in driving change. We find that coherence and consistency in UK low-carbon innovation policy is lacking, which is creating uncertainty and hampering private sector investment. The loss of regional capacity and anchor institutions challenges local and national actors to leverage instruments and connections but with much depleted resources, lacking a clear mandate, and facing a fragmented intermediary and support landscape. - A bibliometric analysis of the development of next generation active nanotechnologies.
In: Journal of Nanoparticle Research [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2016
- Exploring Public Values Implications of the I-Corps Program
In: Journal of Technology Transfer [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2016
- Why do technology firms publish scientific papers? The strategic use of science by small and midsize enterprises in nanotechnology
In: Journal of Technology Transfer [Peer Reviewed]
Date: December 2015
© 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.In the emerging technology domain of nanotechnology, a significant portion of small and midsize enterprises contribute to the scientific literature by publishing their research and development results. However, while considerable attention has been paid to patenting by small and midsize technology firms, the underlying business motivations for such firms to publish scientific papers are not well understood. This paper investigates the scientific publishing patterns of smaller firms engaged in nanotechnology and the factors that underlie this phenomenon. Based on an analysis of 85 US small and midsize enterprises with a minimum of four nanotechnology patents or publications, we test three hypotheses about corporate publishing: reputational gains, absorptive capacity, and strategic spillovers. We find that the small and midsize firms in our sample are more likely to publish when their work is associated with public science and when it involves a greater technological focus, but having a university collaborator is not a significant factor. The results from this study of nanotechnology enterprises suggest that small and midsize technology firms selectively manage and disclose their research based on internal developmental and capacity drivers. - Is there a clubbing effect underlying Chinese research citation Increases?
In: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology [Peer Reviewed]
Date: September 2015
© 2015 The Authors. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of ASIS&T.There is increasing evidence that citations to Chinese research publications are rising sharply. A series of reasons have been highlighted in previous studies. This research explores another possibility - whether there is a "clubbing" effect in China's surge in research citations, in which a higher rate of internal citing takes place among influential Chinese researchers. Focusing on the most highly cited research articles in nanotechnology, we find that a larger proportion of Chinese nanotechnology research citations are localized within individual, institutional, and national networks within China. Both descriptive and statistical tests suggest that highly cited Chinese papers are more likely than similar U.S. papers to receive internal and localized citations. Tentative explanations and policy implications are discussed. - Is there a relationship between research sponsorship and publication impact? An analysis of funding acknowledgments in nanotechnology papers
In: PLoS ONE [Peer Reviewed]
Date: February 2015
© 2015 Wang, Shapira.This study analyzes funding acknowledgments in scientific papers to investigate relationships between research sponsorship and publication impacts. We identify acknowledgments to research sponsors for nanotechnology papers published in the Web of Science during a one-year sample period. We examine the citations accrued by these papers and the journal impact factors of their publication titles. The results show that publications from grant sponsored research exhibit higher impacts in terms of both journal ranking and citation counts than research that is not grant sponsored.We discuss the method and models used, and the insights provided by this approach as well as it limitations. - Use of web mining in studying innovation
In: Scientometrics [Peer Reviewed]
Date: January 2015
© 2014, The Author(s).As enterprises expand and post increasing information about their business activities on their websites, website data promises to be a valuable source for investigating innovation. This article examines the practicalities and effectiveness of web mining as a research method for innovation studies. We use web mining to explore the R&D activities of 296 UK-based green goods small and mid-size enterprises. We find that website data offers additional insights when compared with other traditional unobtrusive research methods, such as patent and publication analysis. We examine the strengths and limitations of enterprise innovation web mining in terms of a wide range of data quality dimensions, including accuracy, completeness, currency, quantity, flexibility and accessibility. We observe that far more companies in our sample report undertaking R&D activities on their web sites than would be suggested by looking only at conventional data sources. While traditional methods offer information about the early phases of R&D and invention through publications and patents, web mining offers insights that are more downstream in the innovation process. Handling website data is not as easy as alternative data sources, and care needs to be taken in executing search strategies. Website information is also self-reported and companies may vary in their motivations for posting (or not posting) information about their activities on websites. Nonetheless, we find that web mining is a significant and useful complement to current methods, as well as offering novel insights not easily obtained from other unobtrusive sources. - Is there a clubbing effect underlying Chinese research citation increases?
In: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2015
- Social science contributions compared in synthetic biology and nanotechnology
In: Journal of Responsible Innovation [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2015
- Social science contributions compared in synthetic biology and nanotechnology
In: Journal of Responsible Innovation [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2015
- The impact of research funding on scientific outputs: Evidence from six smaller European countries
In: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2015
- Using the Wayback Machine to mine websites in the social sciences: A methodological resource
In: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2015
- Why do technology firms publish scientific papers? The strategic use of science by small and midsize enterprises in nanotechnology
In: Journal of Technology Transfer [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2015
- Using web mining to explore Triple Helix influences on growth in small and mid-size firms
In: Technovation [Peer Reviewed]
Date: November 2014
© 2016 AUTHOR.While broad "Triple Helix" frameworks of industry, government and university collaborations have the potential to enhance innovation and economic development at macro-levels, at the micro-level of the firm it should not be assumed that such relationships are uniform in character or outcomes. Each firm will negotiate and develop its own set of relationships with other innovation system actors based on its capabilities and strategies. To better understand these dynamics, particularly from the perspective of small and medium-sized enterprises, this study probes the micro-level characteristics and impacts of external enterprise relationships. Novel website-based Triple Helix measures are introduced that extend the analytical scope beyond customary indicators (such as patent analysis or entropy measures) to include communication and coordination among all three helices at the micro-level of individual firms. This approach is used to explore the micro-level characteristics and impacts of industry, government and university relations for small and medium-sized enterprises by analyzing a subset of 271 U.S. green goods small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises. We compare the website-based measures with case study results to authenticate the method. A panel data regression model is then employed to analyze the simultaneous impacts of various combinations of industry, government and university links on firm sales growth (2008-2011), with controls for region, scale, and application domains. The ability of website-based indicators to distinguish the impacts of different mixes of Triple Helix relations is demonstrated. While relationships with all three helices have a positive total marginal effect on firm sales growth, local relationships and relationships that emphasize links with government and industry make particularly notable contributions to growth in the sample green goods enterprises. The implications of these findings are discussed. - Developing an innovative materials enterprise in China: A nanotechnology small business case study
In: Chinese Management Studies [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2014
© Emerald Group Publishing Limited.Purpose – This paper aims to explore pathways and issues of small business technological commercialization in China, probing the particular characteristics of the Chinese context and the ways in which innovation frameworks, institutions and business strategies are embedded. Design/methodology/approach – The authors examine in detail the case of an innovative Chinese indigenous small firm engaged in innovative nanotechnology materials development. The strategies and push- and pull factors underlying the company’s innovation practices were investigated. The proposition that the institutional relationships formed to secure access to research expertise and aid business survival also influence the ways in which technology is commercialized was explored. Findings – It was found that while technological development is company-driven, it is also highly connected to regional innovation structures and networks. This stimulates a “spin-in” rather than a university-led model of development, as this small firm embeds its technology and business development strategies in conjunction with partner organizations. Broader management and policy implications are discussed. Originality/value – While China has rapidly expanded scientific research in emerging technologies such as nanotechnology, commercialization through the development of entrepreneurial technology-oriented small companies faces a series of challenges. New enterprises in the emerging area of nanotechnology encounter problems of technology transfer and intellectual property management, capital acquisition, market uncertainty and constrained access to global markets. - Drivers of technology adoption - the case of nanomaterials in building construction
In: Technological Forecasting and Social Change [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2014
With the building and construction sector contributing significantly to global greenhouse gas emissions, there is great demand for resource- and energy-efficient construction materials. Manufactured nanotechnology products (MNPs) are expected to realize resource and energy efficiency through performance improvements in the strength, lightness and insulating properties of construction materials. However, the actual adoption of MNPs has lagged. This article examines how the construction sector in the United States assesses MNPs for adoption. Through patent analysis and interviews, we gauge the supply of MNPs and identify actors' roles in technology adoption. Results indicate that awareness of MNPs is more extensive than anticipated. Yet, MNP adoption is limited by a multi-component technology assessment process focused primarily on the technology's applicability to project-based outcomes. We conclude that barriers to MNP adoption can be overcome through intermediary activities such as product certification, comprehensive technology assessments, and "real-world" demonstrations. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. - Drivers of technology adoption—the case of nanomaterials in building construction
In: Technological Forecasting and Social Change [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2014
- Erratum to: Measuring the development of a common scientific lexicon in nanotechnology (Journal of Nanoparticle Research (2014) 16, (2194) DOI: 10.1007/s11051-013-2194-0)
In: Journal of Nanoparticle Research
Date: 2014
- Inter-industry knowledge flows and sectoral networks
In: Knowl Manage Res Pract [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2014
- Inter-industry knowledge flows and sectoral networks in the economy of Malaysia
In: Knowledge Management Research and Practice. From< http://www. palgrave-journals. com/kmrp/journal/vaop/ncurrent/abs/kmrp 201430a [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2014
- Inter-industry knowledge flows and sectoral networks in the economy of Malaysia
In: Knowledge Management Research and Practice [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2014
- Measuring the development of a common scientific lexicon in nanotechnology
In: Journal of Nanoparticle Research [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2014
Over the last two decades, nanotechnology has not only grown considerably but also evolved in its use of scientific terminology. This paper examines the growth in nano-prefixed terms in a corpus of nanotechnology scholarly publications over a 21-year time period. The percentage of publications using a nano-prefixed term has increased from <10 % in the early 1990s to nearly 80 % by 2010. A co-word analysis of nano-prefixed terms indicates that the network of these terms has moved from being densely organized around a few common nano-prefixed terms such as "nanostructure" in 2000 to becoming less dense and more differentiated in using additional nano-prefixed terms while continuing to coalesce around the common nano-prefixed terms by 2010. We further observe that the share of nanotechnology papers oriented toward biomedical and clinical medicine applications has risen from just over 5 % to more than 11 %. While these results cannot fully distinguish between the use of nano-prefixed terms in response to broader policy or societal influences, they do suggest that there are intellectual and scientific underpinnings to the growth of a collectively shared vocabulary. We consider whether our findings signify the maturation of a scientific field and the extent to which this denotes the emergence of a shared scientific understanding regarding nanotechnology. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. - Measuring the development of a common scientific lexicon in nanotechnology
In: Journal of Nanoparticle Research [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2014
- Probing "green" industry enterprises in the UK: A new identification approach
In: Technological Forecasting and Social Change [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2014
There is a growing interest in innovation for sustainability and the development of green industries and green jobs. But how can green industries, green manufacturing jobs, and green goods innovation be measured? This paper probes current and recent attempts to define and measure these categories, with a focus on studies in the UK. We review the methods, estimates and trends contained in these studies. While these efforts have value, they also raise significant conceptual and measurement issues. The paper discusses a series of these issues and considers strategies to further refine the categorization and detection of green sector enterprises. A new identification approach is put forward using search term combinations and text mining to discern green goods sector companies. This method is tested through a search of small and medium-size green goods enterprises in the UK. Findings from our search approach are presented, along with a discussion of advantages and limitations. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. - Profile of developments in biomass-based bioenergy research: A 20-year perspective
In: Scientometrics [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2014
In an era of energy crisis, biomass-based bioenergy research has attracted the attention of R&D managers and policy makers around the world. This study explores the structural and dynamic patterns of biomass-based bioenergy research. We measure the profile of biomass research on both macro scales (nations) and meso level (institutions) in an international context. We find that biomass publications are intensively distributed in developed regions and some emerging economies. The U.S. leads in this emerging field as evidenced by research quantity, impact, and international collaboration links. China is developing rapidly in this domain in terms of publication volume and collaborative links but suffers from low research visibility. The study also finds strong interactions are taking place both within macro-disciplines and between macro-disciplines. Research limitations are presented. © 2013 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary. - Prototypes of emerging metropolitan nanodistricts in the United States and Europe
In: Annals of Economics and Statistics/Annales d’Économie et de Statistique [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2014
- Prototypes of emerging metropolitan nanodistricts in the United States and Europe
In: Annals of Economics and Statistics [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2014
- Signs of things to come? What patent submissions by small and medium-sized enterprises say about corporate strategies in emerging technologies
In: Technological Forecasting and Social Change [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2014
The management of intellectual property (IP) - particularly in the form of patents - has become of increasing importance to technology-oriented small and mid-sized businesses. Such companies adopt diverse strategies to develop and exploit knowledge as they move along innovation pathways from research and development (R&D) to technology commercialization. This investigation examines IP submissions through recent patents in the field of nanotechnology to better understand those strategies and focuses on how indicators of R&D activity, collaborations, funding and firm characteristics can be used to garner strategic and competitive intelligence about the orientations and IP strategies of technology-based firms. Our analysis of data from the Georgia Tech's Global Nanotechnology Database and other sources and illustrative case studies of U.S. small and medium-sized enterprises in nanotechnology shows that there are at least two different strategic approaches to enter this field and distinctive roles along the innovation pathway. A longer-term strategy is associated with nanotechnology research and discovery and possibly use of nanotechnologies to enhance properties of products. Another strategy is associated with a newer generation of firms with a strong focus on novel nanotechnology product development and commercialization and more intensive patenting activity. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. - Signs of Things to Come? What Patent Submissions by Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Say About Corporate Strategies in Emerging Technologies
In: Technological Forecasting & Social Change [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2014
- Career-based influences on scientific recognition in the United States and Europe: Longitudinal evidence from curriculum vitae data
In: Research Policy [Peer Reviewed]
Date: September 2013
This paper examines how funding patterns, career pathways and collaboration networks influence scientific recognition. We analyze these institutional factors in the early and middle phases of academic careers through comparison of a group of researchers recognized as creative by their peers with a matched group of researchers. Measurement of scientific recognition is based on survey nominations and research prizes in two growing, laboratory-intensive research domains: nanotechnology and human genetics. Curriculum vitae data is used to compare researchers based in the United States and Europe. In the early career model for the United States, we find that scientific recognition is associated with broad academic education, fast completion of PhD, and a record of independent postdoctoral research, while in Europe these factors are much less prominent. The mid-career model suggests that both in the United States and Europe fast job promotion within academia is a strong predictor of future recognition. However, there is a clear divide across the Atlantic regarding other mid-career factors: work experience inside and outside academia, research leadership, external grant income, and prizes from professional associations are connected to scientific recognition in the United States, but are less influential in Europe. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. - The emergence of science-driven entrepreneurship in China: A case study of technological innovation in nano-pigment inks
In: International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management [Peer Reviewed]
Date: August 2013
All countries face challenges in commercialising scientific advances in emerging technology domains. As an emerging economy, China is rapidly evolving its innovation system, but still faces many issues in linking scientific development with industrial applications. While research and development (R&D) investment in Chinese science has increased significantly in recent years, there are substantial lags and barriers in the deployment of new technology knowledge by business, including by small and medium-sized enterprises. Yet, there are important signs of change within research organisations and in the policy support structures for research commercialisation in China. To explore these developments, this study examines a specific case within the domain of nanotechnology, an emerging technology domain where China is now among the world's biggest R&D performers. We investigate an example in China of science-driven entrepreneurship in a new technology for producing nano-pigment inks for digital inkjet textile printing. The contextual conditions and the development and commercialisation processes of this focal technology are analysed, as we examine the strategies used by the research team to spin-off their research towards commercialisation. We identify key factors in the Chinese innovation system that respectively facilitated and hindered this research commercialisation example, and consider managerial and policy implications raised by the case. Copyright © 2013 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. - Capturing new developments in an emerging technology: An updated search strategy for identifying nanotechnology research outputs
In: Scientometrics [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2013
Bibliometric analysis of publication metadata is an important tool for investigating emerging fields of technology. However, the application of field definitions to define an emerging technology is complicated by ongoing and at times rapid change in the underlying technology itself. There is limited prior work on adapting the bibliometric definitions of emerging technologies as these technologies change over time. The paper addresses this gap. We draw on the example of the modular keyword nanotechnology search strategy developed at Georgia Institute of Technology in 2006. This search approach has seen extensive use in analyzing emerging trends in nanotechnology research and innovation. Yet with the growth of the nanotechnology field, novel materials, particles, technologies, and tools have appeared. We report on the process and results of reviewing and updating this nanotechnology search strategy. By employing structured text-mining software to profile keyword terms, and by soliciting input from domain experts, we identify new nanotechnology-related keywords. We retroactively apply the revised evolutionary lexical query to 20 years of publication data and analyze the results. Our findings indicate that the updated search approach offers an incremental improvement over the original strategy in terms of recall and precision. Additionally, the updated strategy reveals the importance for nanotechnology of several emerging cited-subject categories, particularly in the biomedical sciences, suggesting a further extension of the nanotechnology knowledge domain. The implications of the work for applying bibliometric definitions to emerging technologies are discussed. © 2012 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary. - Capturing new developments in an emerging technology: an updated search strategy for identifying nanotechnology research outputs.
In: Scientometrics [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2013
- Career-based influences on scientific recognition in the United States and Europe: Longitudinal evidence from curriculum vitae data
In: Research Policy [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2013
- Entry Strategies in an Emerging Technology: A Cross-Country Study of Early Commercialization by Graphene Firms.
In: Scientometrics [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2013
- Entry Strategies in an Emerging Technology: A Cross-Country Study of Early Commercialization by Graphene Firms.
In: Scientometrics [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2013
- Entry strategies in an emerging technology: a pilot web-based study of graphene firms
In: Scientometrics [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2013
- Nanotechnology in the city: sustainability challenges and anticipatory governance
In: Journal of Urban Technology [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2013
- Early patterns of commercial activity in graphene
In: Journal of Nanoparticle Research [Peer Reviewed]
Date: March 2012
Graphene, a novel nanomaterial consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms, has attracted significant attention due to its distinctive properties, including great strength, electrical and thermal conductivity, lightness, and potential benefits for diverse applications. The commercialization of scientific discoveries such as graphene is inherently uncertain, with the lag time between the scientific development of a new technology and its adoption by corporate actors revealing the extent to which firms are able to absorb knowledge and engage in learning to implement applications based on the new technology. From this perspective, we test for the existence of three different corporate learning and activity patterns: (1) a linear process where patenting follows scientific discovery; (2) a double-boom phenomenon where corporate (patenting) activity is first concentrated in technological improvements and then followed by a period of technology productization; and (3) a concurrent model where scientific discovery in publications occurs in parallel with patenting. By analyzing corporate publication and patent activity across country and application lines, we find that, while graphene as a whole is experiencing concurrent scientific development and patenting growth, country- and application-specific trends offer some evidence of the linear and double-boom models. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012. - Partnering with universities: A good choice for nanotechnology start-up firms?
In: Small Business Economics [Peer Reviewed]
Date: February 2012
The role of universities in supporting economic development has been explored in studies emphasizing the mechanisms of technology transfer and knowledge spillover. However, in addition to these forms of intellectual capital, university scientists bring other resources into research collaboration and contribute to firm partnerships in both direct and indirect ways. This paper develops the concept of resource spillover, which captures the various ways in which firms can benefit from collaborations with university scientists. The study categorizes the resources possessed by university scientists into intellectual capital, social capital, and positional capital, and tests the impact of each on the performance of firms. Using a sample of new nanotechnology-based firms in the USA, the study finds that the benefits to firms from university scientist research collaboration include enhancements to perceived research capacity and technology potential, which in turn may increase chances of securing external funding. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. - Early patterns of commercial activity in graphene
In: Journal of Nanoparticle Research [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2012
- Effects of international collaboration and knowledge moderation on China’s nanotechnology research impacts
In: Journal of Technology Management in China [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2012
- Engineering small worlds in a big society: assessing the early impacts of nanotechnology in China
In: Review of Policy Research [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2012
- Pathways from discovery to commercialisation: using web sources to track small and medium-sized enterprise strategies in emerging nanotechnologies
In: Technology Analysis & Strategic Management [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2012
- Pathways from discovery to commercialisation: using web sources to track small and medium-sized enterprise strategies in emerging nanotechnologies
In: Technology Analysis and Strategic Management [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2012
- Introduction to the symposium issue: Nanotechnology innovation and policy-current strategies and future trajectories
In: Journal of Technology Transfer [Peer Reviewed]
Date: December 2011
- National innovation systems and the globalization of nanotechnology innovation
In: Journal of Technology Transfer [Peer Reviewed]
Date: December 2011
While there has been much emphasis over the last decade on the science of nanotechnology and on the implications and risks of potential applications, it is now timely to increase attention to the emerging dynamics of nanotechnology commercialization. This paper examines, from a global perspective, where and how corporations are entering into nanotechnology innovation. The paper tests the proposition that a significant shift has occurred in recent years in the orientation of corporate nanotechnology activities-from research discovery to patented applications. It also examines the extent to which the character and structure of corporate nanotechnology activity by country initially reflects national innovation system characteristics and prior public research funding inputs in the stage when discovery is most emphasized. The results indicate that national innovation systems characteristics are significant factors in the commercialization shift of nanotechnology and highlight the importance of innovation system policy factors. We also observe the influence of cross-border international invention linkages, suggesting that national innovation policies also need to be open and international in orientation. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. - Perceptions and actions: Relationships of views on risk with citation actions of nanotechnology scientists
In: Research Evaluation [Peer Reviewed]
Date: December 2011
This study links survey data on scientists' societal perceptions of nanotechnology with publication data to understand the extent of association between societal perspectives held by nanoscientists and publication actions. Specifically, we explore the relationship between scientists' attitudes in two areas and their actions in citing nanotechnology environmental, health, and safety (EHS) publications. This relationship is examined by linking responses from participants in the University of Wisconsin's Nanotechnology and Society Survey of nanoscientists with publication data from the Georgia Tech global nanotechnology database. The likelihood of citing EHS publications is estimated as a function of the two societal perception variables as well as the scientific field and background characteristics such as PhD completion year, tenure-track position, gender, and religiosity. We find that perceptions about moral limits mediate citation actions whereas attitudes toward government regulation have no significant effect. © Beech Tree Publishing 2011. - Innovative and responsible governance of nanotechnology for societal development
In: Journal of Nanoparticle Research [Peer Reviewed]
Date: September 2011
Governance of nanotechnology is essential for realizing economic growth and other societal benefits of the new technology, protecting public health and environment, and supporting global collaboration and progress. The article outlines governance principles and methods specific for this emerging field. Advances in the last 10 years, the current status and a vision for the next decade are presented based on an international study with input from over 35 countries. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011. - China-US scientific collaboration in nanotechnology: patterns and dynamics
In: Scientometrics [Peer Reviewed]
Date: July 2011
This paper examines the rapid growth of China in the field of nanotechnology and the rise of collaboration between China and the US in this emerging domain. Chinese scientific papers in nanotechnology are analyzed to indicate overall trends, leading fields and the most prolific institutions. Patterns of China-US nanotechnology paper co-authorship are examined over the period 1990-2009, with an analysis of how these patterns have changed over time. The paper combines bibliometric analysis and science mapping. We find rapid development in the number of China-US co-authored nanotechnology papers as well as structural changes in array of collaborative nanotechnology sub-fields. Implications for both China and the US of this evolving relationship are discussed. © 2011 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary. - Funding acknowledgement analysis: An enhanced tool to investigate research sponsorship impacts: The case of nanotechnology
In: Scientometrics [Peer Reviewed]
Date: June 2011
There is increasing interest in assessing how sponsored research funding influences the development and trajectory of science and technology. Traditionally, linkages between research funding and subsequent results are hard to track, often requiring access to separate funding or performance reports released by researchers or sponsors. Tracing research sponsorship and output linkages is even more challenging when researchers receive multiple funding awards and collaborate with a variety of differentially-sponsored research colleagues. This article presents a novel bibliometric approach to undertaking funding acknowledgement analysis which links research outputs with their funding sources. Using this approach in the context of nanotechnology research, the article probes the funding patterns of leading countries and agencies including patterns of cross-border research sponsorship. We identify more than 91,500 nanotechnology articles published worldwide during a 12-month period in 2008-2009. About 67% of these publications include funding acknowledgements information. We compare articles reporting funding with those that do not (for reasons that may include reliance on internal core-funding rather than external awards as well as omissions in reporting). While we find some country and field differences, we judge that the level of reporting of funding sources is sufficiently high to provide a basis for analysis. The funding acknowledgement data is used to compare nanotechnology funding policies and programs in selected countries and to examine their impacts on scientific output. We also examine the internationalization of research funding through the interplay of various funding sources at national and organizational levels. We find that while most nanotechnology funding is nationally-oriented, internationalization and knowledge exchange does occur as researchers collaborate across borders. Our method offers a new approach not only in identifying the funding sources of publications but also in feasibly undertaking large-scale analyses across scientific fields, institutions and countries. © 2011 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary. - Assessment of Fifteen Nanotechnology Science and Engineering Centers’(NSECs) Outcomes and Impacts: Their contribution to NNI Objectives and Goals
Date: 2011
- Building Capabilities for Innovation in SMEs: A Cross-Country Comparison of Technology Extension Policies and Progra
In: International Journal of Innovation and Regional Development [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2011
- Nanotechnology Innovation and Policy: Current Strategies and Future Trajectories
In: Journal of Technology Transfer [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2011
- National innovation systems and the globalization of nanotechnology innovation
In: Journal of Technology Transfer [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2011
- Perceptions and actions: relationships of views on risk with citation actions of nanotechnology scientists
In: Research Evaluation [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2011
- Productivity, Innovation and Competitiveness in Small Open Economies
Date: 2011
- Regional development and interregional collaboration in the growth of nanotechnology research in China
In: Scientometrics [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2011
China is becoming a leading nation in terms of its share of the world's publications in the emerging nanotechnology domain. This paper demonstrates that the international rise of China's position in nanotechnology has been underwritten by the emergence of a series of regional hubs of nanotechnology R&D activity within the country. We develop a unique database of Chinese nanotechnology articles covering the period 1990 to mid-2006 to identify the regional distribution of nanotechnology research in China. To build this database, a new approach was developed to clean and standardize the geographical allocation of Chinese publication records. We then analyze the data to understand the regional development of nanotechnology research in China over our study period and to map interregional and international research collaboration linkages. We find that the geographical distribution of China's domestic nanotechnology research is characterized by regional imbalance, with most of the leading regions located in eastern China, including not only Beijing and Shanghai but also a series of other new regional hubs. There is much less development of nanotechnology research in central and western China. Beijing, Shanghai, and Hong Kong are among the leading Chinese regions for international nanotechnology research collaboration. Other Chinese nanotechnology regions are less focused on international collaboration, although they have developed domestic interregional collaborations. Although new regional research hubs have emerged in the nanotechnology domain, the paper notes that their concentration in eastern China reinforces existing imbalances in science and technology capabilities in China, and in turn this may further reinforce the dominant position of eastern China in the commercialization of new technologies such as nanotechnology. © 2010 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary. - The Use of Environmental Health and Safety Research in Nanotechnology Research
In: Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2011
- The use of environmental, health and safety research in nanotechnology research
In: Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2011
Environmental, health, and safety (EHS) concerns are receiving considerable attention in nanoscience and nanotechnology (nano) research and development (R&D). Policymakers and others have urged that research on nano's EHS implications be developed alongside scientific research in the nano domain rather than subsequent to applications. This concurrent perspective suggests the importance of early understanding and measurement of the diffusion of nano EHS research. The paper examines the diffusion of nano EHS publications, defined through a set of search terms, into the broader nano domain using a global nanotechnology R&D database developed at Georgia Tech. The results indicate that nano EHS research is growing rapidly although it is orders of magnitude smaller than the broader nano S&T domain. Nano EHS work is moderately multidisciplinary, but gaps in biomedical nano EHS's connections with environmental nano EHS are apparent. The paper discusses the implications of these results for the continued monitoring and development of the cross-disciplinary utilization of nano EHS research. Copyright © 2011 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved. - Follow the money
In: Nature [Peer Reviewed]
Date: December 2010
- Knowledge, capabilities and manufacturing innovation: A USA-Europe comparison
In: Regional Studies [Peer Reviewed]
Date: April 2010
Roper S., Youtie J., Shapira P. and Fernández-Ribas A. Knowledge, capabilities and manufacturing innovation: a USA-Europe comparison, Regional Studies. This paper presents a comparative analysis of factors contributing to the innovation performance of manufacturing firms in Georgia (USA), Wales (UK), the West Midlands (UK), and Catalonia (Spain). Enabled by comparable survey data, multivariate probit models are developed to estimate how various types of firms' innovative activities are influenced by links to external knowledge sources, internal resources, absorptive capacity, and public innovation support. The results suggest the potential for mutual learning. For the European study regions there are insights about how universities in Georgia support innovation. For Georgia and Catalonia there are lessons from UK firms about better capturing potential complementarities between innovation activities. Additional implications for innovation measurement and knowledge base development are discussed. © 2010 Regional Studies Association. - The emergence of social science research on nanotechnology
In: Scientometrics [Peer Reviewed]
Date: March 2010
This article examines the development of social science literature focused on the emerging area of nanotechnology. It is guided by the exploratory proposition that early social science work on emerging technologies will draw on science and engineering literature on the technology in question to frame its investigative activities, but as the technologies and societal investments in them progress, social scientists will increasingly develop and draw on their own body of literature. To address this proposition the authors create a database of nanotechnology-social science literature by merging articles from the Web of Science's Social Science Citation Index and Arts and Humanities Citation Index with articles from Scopus. The resulting database comprises 308 records. The findings suggest that there are multiple dimensions of cited literature and that social science citations of other social scientists' works have increased since 2005. © 2010 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary. - Building capabilities for innovation in SMEs: a cross-country comparison of technology extension policies and programmes
In: International Journal of Innovation and Regional Development [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2010
- Competitiveness and Innovation: profiles of three small open economies: New Zealand, Singapore and Republic of Ireland
Date: 2010
- Follow the money: What Was the Impact of the Nanotechnology Funding Boom of the Past Ten Years?
In: Nature / Nature Publishing
Date: 2010
- Georgia Manufacturing Survey
Date: 2010
- Is there a shift to "active nanostructures"?
In: Journal of Nanoparticle Research [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2010
It has been suggested that an important transition in the long-run trajectory of nanotechnology development is a shift from passive to active nanostructures. Such a shift could present different or increased societal impacts and require new approaches for risk assessment. An active nanostructure "changes or evolves its state during its operation," according to the National Science Foundation's (2006) Active Nanostructures and Nanosystems grant solicitation. Active nanostructure examples include nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), nanomachines, self-healing materials, targeted drugs and chemicals, energy storage devices, and sensors. This article considers two questions: (a) Is there a "shift" to active nanostructures? (b) How can we characterize the prototypical areas into which active nanostructures may emerge? We build upon the NSF definition of active nanostructures to develop a research publication search strategy, with a particular intent to distinguish between passive and active nanotechnologies. We perform bibliometric analyses and describe the main publication trends from 1995 to 2008. We then describe the prototypes of research that emerge based on reading the abstracts and review papers encountered in our search. Preliminary results suggest that there is a sharp rise in active nanostructures publications in 2006, and this rise is maintained in 2007 and through to early 2008. We present a typology that can be used to describe the kind of active nanostructures that may be commercialized and regulated in the future. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. - Is there a shift to “active nanostructures”?
In: Journal of Nanoparticle Research [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2010
- Knowledge, Capabilities and Manufacturing Innovation: A USA-Europe Comparison
In: Regional Studies [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2010
- The Emergence of Social Science Research in Nanotechnology
In: Scientometrics [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2010
- From lab to market? Strategies and issues in the commercialization of nanotechnology in China
In: Asian Business and Management [Peer Reviewed]
Date: November 2009
Nanotechnology is expected by many to be one of the next drivers of technology-based business and economic growth. China has emerged as a global player in nanotechnology development, and now ranks second (after the United States) in nanotechnology scientific publications produced annually. The study of nanotechnology offers a lens to examine China's capabilities to move closer to the frontier of technology-led economic development, explore the evolving Chinese innovation system, and assess the effectiveness of policy strategies to modernize and add-value to research and industry in China. Supported by new policy initiatives and funding, hundreds of institutions and thousands of researchers in China are engaged in nanotechnology R&D. Yet, although Chinese nanotechnology research has scale, the pathways from laboratory research to successful commercialization remain problematic. Chinese performance in nanotechnology patenting and product development is weak relative to its research strength, suggesting a significant gap between the research base and industrial development. Drawing on bibliometric research and field interviews with Chinese nanotechnology policymakers, researchers and business representatives, we analyze this gap, explore the factors contributing to it and assess future commercialization trajectories.
- The role of national and regional innovation programmes in stimulating international cooperation in innovation
In: International Journal of Technology Management [Peer Reviewed]
Date: June 2009
Innovation programmes have direct and indirect effects on enterprise strategies. In this paper we argue that national and regional programmes, not necessarily designed to increase international links, indirectly leverage international collaborative innovation, by providing additional funding, experience in domestic collaboration, and learning about public funding application rules. Our empirical findings confirm a positive (but small) influence of domestic-level programmes on the probability that a firm develops innovation with foreign partners. Implications for policy are multiple, including the need to consider systemic measures of innovation when evaluating the impacts of innovation programmes on firm's behaviour. Copyright©2009 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. - Organizational and institutional influences on creativity in scientific research
In: Research Policy [Peer Reviewed]
Date: May 2009
This paper explores institutional and organizational influences on creativity in scientific research. Using a method for identifying creative scientific research accomplishments in two fields of science (nanotechnology and human genetics) in Europe and the US, the paper summarizes results derived from twenty case studies of highly creative research accomplishments, focusing on contextual patterns at the group, organizational, and institutional levels. We find that creative accomplishments are associated with small group size, organizational contexts with sufficient access to a complementary variety of technical skills, stable research sponsorship, timely access to extramural skills and resources, and facilitating leadership. A potential institutional threat to creative science is the increase in competitive research council funding at the expense of flexible institutional sponsorship. Implications for research management and research policy are considered. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. - Developing nanotechnology in Latin America
In: Journal of Nanoparticle Research [Peer Reviewed]
Date: February 2009
This article investigates the development of nanotechnology in Latin America with a particular focus on Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay. Based on data for nanotechnology research publications and patents and suggesting a framework for analyzing the development of R&D networks, we identify three potential strategies of nanotechnology research collaboration. Then, we seek to identify the balance of emphasis upon each of the three strategies by mapping the current research profile of those four countries. In general, we find that they are implementing policies and programs to develop nanotechnologies but differ in their collaboration strategies, institutional involvement, and level of development. On the other hand, we find that they coincide in having a modest industry participation in research and a low level of commercialization of nanotechnologies. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. - A Comparison of Northern Ireland’s Productivity and Efficiency Across Services and Manufacturing
Date: 2009
- Analysis of R&D international funding flows and their impact on the research system in selected Member States’
In: University of Manchester (MIoIR), IDEA Consult, and NIFUSTEP. Prepared for Rindicate (SPA7), DG Research, European Commission. B
Date: 2009
- China Nanotechnology
In: Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Society, eds. D. Guston and JG Golson: Sage Publications
Date: 2009
- Highly Creative Nanotechnology Research: How Is It Defined and Organized
Date: 2009
- Mapping Organizational Capabilities for Innovation and Competitiveness: research performance and patenting in small open economies
Date: 2009
- Technological diversity, scientific excellence and the location of inventive activities abroad: The case of nanotechnology
In: Journal of Technology Transfer [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2009
Our contribution to the expanding literature on the globalization of research and innovation is to investigate the extent to which sector-specific developments in an emerging technology (such as increasing interdisciplinarity and complexity) affect inventive activities developed abroad. We look at how technological diversity and scientific excellence of host countries in the field of nanotechnology affect the development of inventive activities by US multinational companies (MNCs). We identify the most active US-based MNCs in nanotechnology-related patenting and examine location decisions of these companies and their international subsidiaries. Econometric results confirm our hypothesis that the technological breadth of host countries positively influences the expected number of inventions developed abroad by US MNCs. Science capabilities of countries also have a positive impact on the decision to invent abroad, while the influence of market specific factors is less clear. We interpret these results as suggesting that host country science capabilities are important to attract innovative activities by MNCs, but as the interdisciplinary and convergent nature of nanotechnology evolves, access to a broadly diversified knowledge base becomes important in increasing the relative attractiveness of host locations. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2008. - The Globalization of Innovation in Nanotechnology: Some Empirical Evidence for US, Japanese and European Firms
Date: 2009
- Learning to innovate: Building regional technology development learning networks in midsized cities
In: European Planning Studies [Peer Reviewed]
Date: November 2008
There has been increased attention to the importance of knowledge in economic success. The ability of a region to develop learning capabilities has been linked to knowledge-based success. However, conflicting perspectives exist about whether and how it is possible for policies and institutions in a lagging location to foster a learning region. This article examines this debate in the context of an effort to develop a second region of innovation (outside of Atlanta) in the US state of Georgia through a learning network called the Midsize Cities Technology Development Initiative. This initiative partnered four midsized cities in Georgia with four European midsized cities to stimulate benchmarking and learning. While traditional perspectives on economic development persist, some learning and reorientation of strategy was evident in the participating US cities. In stimulating these changes, significant roles were played by outsiders in brokering interaction and imparting fresh ideas, in strengthening ties to research and innovation capabilities in the core Atlanta metropolis, and in building new local institutions. A major new state-sponsored programme (the Centers of Innovation) with local presence in each of the four cities resulted from the effort. Still, it remains to be seen how learning will continue and whether a fully fledged second region of innovation will emerge in Georgia. - Emergence of Nanodistricts in the United States: Path Dependency or New Opportunities?
In: Economic Development Quarterly [Peer Reviewed]
Date: August 2008
Multiple economic development theories suggest that research and innovation in emerging technologies will cluster in certain locations rather than being equally distributed among all regions. If this is the case, this distributional pattern has implications for where future economic opportunities and future risks will be concentrated. In this article, the authors probe nanotechnology research and commercialization at a regional level. The study examines the top 30 U.S. "nanodistricts," or metropolitan areas that lead in nanotechnology research activity, during the 1990 to 2006 time frame. The authors explore the factors underlying the emergence of these 30 metropolitan areas through exploratory cluster analysis. The results indicate that although most of the leading nanodistricts are similar to top cities in previous rounds of emerging technologies, new geographic concentrations of nanotechnology research have surfaced as a result of having made concentrated investments in nanotechnology R&D into a single institution. © 2008 Sage Publications. - Nanotechnology publications and citations by leading countries and blocs
In: Journal of Nanoparticle Research [Peer Reviewed]
Date: August 2008
This article examines the relative positions with respect to nanotechnology research publications of the European Union (EU), the United States (US), Japan, Germany, China, and three Asian Tiger nations (South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan). The analysis uses a dataset of nanotechnology publication records for the time period 1990 through 2006 (part year) extracted from the Science Citation Index obtained through the Web of Science and was developed through a two-stage modularized Boolean approach. The results show that although the EU and the US have the highest number of nanotechnology publications, China and other Asian countries are increasing their publications rapidly, taking an ever-larger proportion of the total. When viewed in terms of the quality-based measure of citations, Asian nanotechnology researchers also show growth in recent years. However, by such citation measures, the US still maintains a strongly dominant position, followed by the EU. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. - Refining search terms for nanotechnology
In: Journal of Nanoparticle Research [Peer Reviewed]
Date: May 2008
The ability to delineate the boundaries of an emerging technology is central to obtaining an understanding of the technology's research paths and commercialization prospects. Nowhere is this more relevant than in the case of nanotechnology (hereafter identified as "nano") given its current rapid growth and multidisciplinary nature. (Under the rubric of nanotechnology, we also include nanoscience and nanoengineering.) Past efforts have utilized several strategies, including simple term search for the prefix nano, complex lexical and citation-based approaches, and bootstrapping techniques. This research introduces a modularized Boolean approach to defining nanotechnology which has been applied to several research and patenting databases. We explain our approach to downloading and cleaning data, and report initial results. Comparisons of this approach with other nanotechnology search formulations are presented. Implications for search strategy development and profiling of the nanotechnology field are discussed. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. - Mapping the nanotechnology enterprise: A multi-indicator analysis of emerging nanodistricts in the US South
In: Journal of Technology Transfer [Peer Reviewed]
Date: April 2008
Nanotechnology has attracted significant research, funding, and policy activity in recent years in the US and many other countries. Of particular interest are the locational characteristics of this emerging technology. This study examines the emergence of nanotechnology in the US South to explore questions of regional standing and spatial trajectory, using an exploratory multi-indicator approach. Our research employs an array of 10 indicators of knowledge generation, human capital, R&D funding, and patenting, to uncover developments, clusters, and linkages in nanotechnology emergence. Results indicate that although there is nanotechnology activity in every state in the US South, this activity agglomerates in a few locations. One emerging nanodistrict (North Carolina's Research Triangle) has prior strengths in high technology research and commercialization, especially based on biotechnology; but other districts (e.g., Oak Ridge Tennessee and Atlanta, Georgia) that have strengths in certain aspects of the nanotechnology research ecosystem have weaknesses in commercialization. The study illustrates how multi-indicator approaches can be developed from existing databases, using customized search techniques, and how the insights from multi-indicator measurement can be used to provide insights for research and innovation policy. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2008. - . Building an innovation hub: A case study of the transformation of university roles in regional technological and economic development
In: Research Policy [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2008
- Building an innovation hub: A case study of the transformation of university roles in regional technological and economic development
In: Research Policy [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2008
- Learning to Innovate: Building Regional Technology Development Learning Networks in Midsized Cities
In: European Planning Studies [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2008
- Mapping the Nanotechnology Enterprise: A Multi-indicator Analysis of Emerging Nanodisticts in the US South
In: Journal of Technology Transfer [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2008
- Nanodistricts in the United States
In: Economic Development Quarterly [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2008
- Nanotechnology publications and citations by leading countries and blocs
In: Journal of Nanoparticle Research [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2008
- Putting innovation in place: Policy strategies for industrial services, regional clusters, and manufacturing SMEs in Japan and the United States
In: Prometheus (United Kingdom) [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2008
This paper examines the evolving situation of mature manufacturing small and midsize enterprises (SMEs) in Japan and the United States and considers some of the key challenges they now face in an era of globalization and rapid technological change. The rationale and justification for policy intervention to support mature SMEs is considered. A review is offered of illustrative policy initiatives in three areas: framework policies, industrial services, and regional industrial cluster policies. The convergence of manufacturing and regional policies is noted. The relative strengths and weaknesses of Japanese and US strategies are assessed. The paper concludes with a comparison of Japanese and US approaches to retaining manufacturing SMEs, interpreted through the various and at times interactive ways through which each country's innovation system develops and evolves technology and business support policies. - Refining search terms for nanotechnology
In: Journal of Nanoparticle Research [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2008
- Research collaboration in nanotechnology research: A case study of China
In: Winter School on Emerging Nanotechnologies, PRIME and Nanodistrict, Grenoble, February
Date: 2008
- USA: Innovation System and Innovation Policy
In: New Challenges for Germany in the Innovation Competition
Date: 2008
- Knowledge, technology trajectories, and innovation in a developing country context: Evidence from a survey of Malaysian firms
In: International Journal of Technology Management [Peer Reviewed]
Date: November 2007
This paper investigates the applicability of contemporary firm-level innovation concepts to a developing country context by drawing on the results of a survey of Malaysian manufacturing and service establishments. We build on Keith Pavitt's 'technology trajectories' framework to empirically test the effect of firms' structure, strategy, resources, and environment on the probability of their product, process, and organisational innovations across various sectors. We find that Malaysian firms possess relatively high process and organisational innovation capabilities, but lag in new product development. Further, they more frequently utilise a variety of 'soft factors' like employee training, knowledge management practices, and collaboration with market actors as inputs to innovation rather than formal R&D. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings about Malaysian firms' technology trajectories to innovation policy in that country. Copyright © 2007 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. - A brief history of the future of manufacturing: US manufacturing technology forecasts in retrospective, 1950-present
In: International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy [Peer Reviewed]
Date: July 2007
This paper reviews the manufacturing technology forecasts made over the last five decades relative to the realisation of these predictions. Predictions as to how technology will evolve in future periods have had mixed records of fulfilment. Some manufacturing technologies have not fulfilled expectations (e.g. integration technologies in the 1980s) whereas others have greatly exceeded expected adoption rates (e.g. the internet in the 1990s). Moreover, technology forecasts did not occur in a vacuum; they were always conjoined with projections about how to manage these technologies, global responses to these technologies, and the impact they will have on employment and skill. Copyright © 2007 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. - A brief history of the future of manufacturing: US manufacturing technology forecasts in retrospective, 1950-present
In: International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2007
- Analysing and Evaluating the Impact on Innovation of Publicly-Funded Research Programmes (IMPLORE): Country summary for the United States of America
In: Report prepared for the project Benchmarking strategies and methodologies of national, European and international R&D programs,
Date: 2007
- Identifying creative research accomplishments: Methodology and results for nanotechnology and human genetics
In: Scientometrics [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2007
Motivated by concerns about the organizational and institutional conditions that foster research creativity in science, we focus on how creative research can be defined, operationalized, and empirically identified. A functional typology of research creativity is proposed encompassing theoretical, methodological and empirical developments in science. We then apply this typology through a process of creative research event identification in the fields of nanotechnology and human genetics in Europe and the United States, combining nominations made by several hundred experts with data on prize winners. Characteristics of creative research in the two respective fields are analyzed, and there is a discussion of broader insights offered by our approach. © Springer-Verlag/Akadémiai Kiadó 2007. - Supply, demand and ICT-based services: A local level perspective
In: Telecommunications Policy [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2007
- Supply, Demand, and ICT-based Services: A Local Level Perspective
In: Telecommunications Policy [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2007
- The Future of Manufacturing
In: International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2007
- Measures for knowledge-based economic development: Introducing data mining techniques to economic developers in the state of Georgia and the US South
In: Technological Forecasting and Social Change [Peer Reviewed]
Date: October 2006
The contribution of knowledge to economic growth and competitiveness has attracted increased attention. Publications with a topical focus on areas related to innovation have risen dramatically from 1963 to 2005, but more slowly in local and regional development journals. In contrast to the wide use of aggregate measures of innovation, this paper presents four cases presenting disaggregated knowledge-based approaches into the policy- and decision-making processes of economic developers in the state of Georgia and the US South. The first case uses information obtained from patents and publications to inform traditional out-of-area economic development recruitment strategies in a more knowledge-oriented direction. The second case exemplifies the use of data mining to identify top researchers as part of a strategic state economic development effort. The third case illustrates how local knowledge-based capabilities can be identified in cities not traditionally viewed as innovative. Nanotechnology-related knowledge assets in the southern United States are mapped and assessed in the fourth case. Disaggregated methods used in traditional strategies were most intuitively understood and used, but new knowledge measures were found to encourage local and state economic developers to begin to embrace new paradigms. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. - Innovation and SMEs: some Asian experiences
In: Technikfolgenabschatzung-Theorie und Praxis
Date: 2006
- Innovation in the Pulp and Paper Manufacturing Industry: Insights from the 2005 Georgia Manufacturing Survey
Date: 2006
- Knowledge economy measurement: Methods, results and insights from the Malaysian knowledge content study
In: Research Policy [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2006
- Knowledge Economy Measurement: Methods, Results and Insights from the Malaysian Knowledge Content Study
In: Research Policy [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2006
- Measures for knowledge-based economic development: Introducing data mining techniques to economic developers in the state of Georgia and the US South
In: Technological Forecasting and Social Change [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2006
- Linking research production and development outcomes at the regional level
In: Research Evaluation [Peer Reviewed]
Date: August 2003
Data-mining techniques are used to develop indicators of regional-level R&T knowledge production for a US technology segment, and these are correlated with other measures of technology sector growth and change. The usefulness of data-mining thus is assessed. Relationships between regional-level R&T production and technology business and employment change are examined. The performance of Georgia in changing its regional position in the technology segment is reviewed. Observations about further development of research production indicators at the regional level and their validity in predicting development and policy outcomes are presented. - Evaluating a large-scale research and development program in Japan: Methods, findings and insights
In: International Journal of Technology Management [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2003
This paper reviews Japan's efforts to introduce a higher level of performance measurement and evaluation into its science and technology policies. A case study of an external evaluation of a major Japanese advanced research and development program is then presented. This case offers insights into the complexities of conducting formal policy and program evaluations in Japan. In the concluding part of the paper, we draw on the experience gained from this case to offer some broader observations and reflections on the development of evaluation systems in Japan. - Linking Research Production and Development Outcomes at the Regional Level
In: Research Evaluation [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2003
- Sustaining Economic Development: Contributions from and Challenges to India’s software Industry
In: Threats to Indian Compétitive Advantage\guillemotright, document de recherche SPP
Date: 2003
- Evaluating Public-Private Partnerships: Development, Operation, and Tensions of New US Technology Policy Partnerships
In: Covoseco. From co-operation between to co-evolution of science and economy. Reports on the state of the art of public private pa
Date: 2002
- NO MIRACLES HERE: Fighting Urban Decline in Japan and the United States. By Theodore J. Gilman
In: Pacific Affairs
Date: 2002
- Reports on state of the art of PPP and of evaluation of PPP in Germany
In: Greece, England, France, Sweden, Spain, Ireland, Slovenia and the US, COVOSECO project group in EU/STRATA programme, ITB Forschu
Date: 2002
- Who Uses LaGrange’s Public Internet Systems: Results of the LaGrange Internet Access Survey
In: Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology. Unpublished manuscript, http://www. cherry. gatech. edu/lagrange/refs/Working-Pape
Date: 2002
- Teaching with Internet and multimedia technologies: Insights from an online seminar on industrial modernization
In: Journal of Planning Education and Research
Date: September 2001
This article discusses experiences in teaching an online seminar course on industrial modernization that combined conventional and distance learning methods with Internet-based communications and other multimedia technologies. Four versions of the seminar course have been offered, with each round using different combinations of teaching methods and technologies. The article discusses the seminar's objectives, modes of teaching, technical design, operation, and student evaluations. The strengths, weaknesses, and requirements of online teaching arc considered, and practical guidelines and insights are offered to faculty interested in developing such courses. © 2001 Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning. - Innovations in European and US innovation policy
In: Research policy [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2001
- Regional Planning and Innovation—Experiences in North America: Introduction to the Special Issue
Date: 2001
- Regional Typology of Innovation NEeds
In: First interim report, p3-5
Date: 2001
- Report to the European Commission DG Research, Directorate C øe Competitive and Sustainable Growth
Date: 2001
- Systems for Supporting Small Business in the United States: Insights and Challenges from State Programs in Georgia
In: Supporting Systems for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the United States. Japan Institute of Labour: Tokyo
Date: 2001
- Teaching with Internet and Multimedia Technologies
In: Journal of Planning Education and Research [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2001
- TheBulgarian Economy: Lessons fromReform during EarlyTransition, Edited by Derek C. Jones and Jeffrey Miller. Aldershot, UK and Brookfield, VT: Ashgate Publishing, 1997. xvi, 360 pp. $76.95.
In: Canadian-American Slavic Studies
Date: 2001
- US manufacturing extension partnerships: technology policy reinvented?
In: Research Policy [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2001
- Innovation Challenges for Existing Manufacturers: Research and Policy Insights from the Georgia Manufacturing Survey, paper prepared for the EU
In: CIS Conference on Innovation Indicators and Innovation Policy, Sophia Antipolis, France
Date: 2000
- Managing decline: Japan’s coal industry restructuring and community response.
Date: 2000
- Small firms in the Japanese economy.
Date: 1999
- Using an evaluability assessment to select methods for evaluating state technology development programs: the case of the Georgia Research Alliance
In: Evaluation and Program Planning [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 1999
- Using an Evaluability Assessment to Select Methods for Evaluating State Technology Development Programs: The Case of the Georgia Research Alliance
In: Evaluation and Program Planning [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 1999
- Contrasting perspectives on the evaluation of industrial modernization: Introduction to the symposium
In: Journal of Technology Transfer [Peer Reviewed]
Date: December 1998
- Evaluating industrial modernization: Methods, results, and insights from the Georgia Manufacturing Extension Alliance
In: Journal of Technology Transfer [Peer Reviewed]
Date: December 1998
This paper examines the experience of the Georgia Manufacturing Extension Alliance (GMEA) in implementing an evaluation of its industrial extension services. As part of the U.S. Manufacturing Extension partnership, GMEA provides assistance to manufacturers to resolve industrial and business problems and upgrade technology, training, and business performance, focusing primarily on firms within the state of Georgia. The program has established an evaluation component along with other assessment and review mechanisms. Several evaluation methods are employed, including customer surveys, economic analyses of benefits and costs, controlled studies, and logic-based case studies. The article examines the strengths and weaknesses of these different approaches, reviews the insights each method offers, and discusses how the resulting evaluative information is used. - Assessing the value of training within the MEP: a pilot project
Date: 1998
- Comments on" Osaka’s Asia Linkages Strategy"
In: Urban Affairs Review
Date: 1998
- Contrasting perspectives on the evaluation of industrial modernization: Introduction to the symposium
In: Journal of Technology Transfer [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 1998
- Evaluating Industrial Modernization: Methods, Results and Insights from the Georgia Manufacturing Extension Alliance
In: Journal of Technology Transfer [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 1998
- Extending manufacturing extension
In: Issues in Science and Technology
Date: 1998
- Introduction: Development, Restructuring and the Environment in Bulgaria
In: Bulgaria in Transition: Environmental Consequences of Political and Economic Transformation
Date: 1998
- Manufacturing extension: Performance, challenges and policy issues
In: Investing in Innovation: Creating a Research and Innovation Policy that Works, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
Date: 1998
- Manufacturing partnerships: co-ordinating industrial modernisation services in the United States
In: STI Review
Date: 1998
- The Evaluation of USNet: Overview of Methods, Results and Implications
In: School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta
Date: 1998
- Coordinating industrial modernization services: Impacts and insights from the U.S. manufacturing extension partnership
In: Journal of Technology Transfer [Peer Reviewed]
Date: December 1997
This study examines how programs sponsored through the National Institute of Standards and Technology's Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP) have influenced the organization and delivery of industrial modernization services to small and medium-sized manufacturers in regions in the United States. The study found that increased service coordination has occurred and that this, in turn, has mostly improved the quality and comprehensiveness of assistance delivered to firms. But there are also some costs and drawbacks associated with multi-partner service delivery approaches. The study identifies and examines best practices that can help MEP centers increase the effectiveness of service coordination. - Tracking customer progress: A follow-up study of customers of the Georgia Manufacturing Extension Alliance
In: Journal of Technology Transfer [Peer Reviewed]
Date: December 1997
Time lags often exist before the economic impacts of technology promotion programs fully materialize. For one manufacturing technology deploymentprogram, the Georgia Manufacturing Extension Alliance, this study gathered expected impact data soon after the point of service. Customers were then surveyed one year later and asked about impacts actually realized. A comparison showed that for the average project, actual benefits reported at the one-year survey mark were generally lower than benefits expected immediately after project completion, while actual costs were generally higher than expected costs. For high performing projects, however, the study found that actual benefits after one year were substantially higher than the benefits initially expected soon after assistance was completed. This study explores the implications of these findings for technology program evaluation and methods of performance measurement. - Coordinating Industrial Modernization Services: Impacts and Insights from the U.S. Manufacturing Extension Partnership
In: Journal of Technology Transfer [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 1997
- Evaluation in the manufacturing extension partnership: practices and outcomes
Date: 1997
- Manufacturing partnerships: evaluation in the context of government reform
In: Evaluation and Program Planning [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 1997
- Manufacturing partnerships: Evaluation in the context of government reform
In: Evaluation and Program Planning [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 1997
- Regional Technology Infrastructures for Japanese Small-and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Policies and Programs for Technological Modernization
In: Japan’s Technical Standards: Implications for Global Trade and Competitiveness
Date: 1997
- United States Congress: The Technological Reshaping of Metropolitan America
In: JOURNAL-AMERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION
Date: 1997
- Current practices in the evaluation of US industrial modernization programs
In: Research Policy [Peer Reviewed]
Date: March 1996
The expansion of public policies and programs to promote the technological modernization of small and mid-sized manufacturing enterprises in the United States has been accompanied by an increased interest in assessing the effectiveness and impact of these initiatives. This article examines current practices used in the evaluation of US industrial modernization programs at state and national levels, drawing on interviews with program managers, site visits, and scrutiny of available studies. Issues related to the meaning of evaluation in the context of industrial modernization, the scale and scope of existing programs, and the definition of metrics are considered. A series of evaluation approaches, methods, and studies are identified and reviewed, including the role of program monitoring, customer valuation, external reviews, economic impact studies, control groups, and assessments of best practice. The authors address the use of evaluation results and discuss key challenges and directions relevant to the development of more robust evaluation procedures. - An overview of technology diffusion policies and programs to enhance the technological absorptive capabilities of small and medium enterprises
In: background paper prepared for the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Directorate for Science, Technology and
Date: 1996
- Assessing the Impacts of Technology Deployment: A Benefit-Cost Analysis of the Georgia Manufacturing Extension Alliance
In: Annual Meeting of the American Evaluation Association, Atlanta, October
Date: 1996
- Collaborative Networking Project Evaluation Study
In: Report prepared for The Joyce Foundation. Available through the School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology
Date: 1996
- Current Practices in the Evaluation of U.S. Industrial Modernization Programs
In: Research Policy [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 1996
- EMPLOYMENT AND LABOR MARKETS IN TRANSITION: THE BULGARIAN CASE
Date: 1996
- Evaluating industrial modernization: Introduction to the theme issue
In: Research policy
Date: 1996
- Evaluation of Iowa State University’s Center for Advanced Technology Development
In: School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology
Date: 1996
- New technology adoption in West Virginia: implications for manufacturing modernization policies
In: Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy
Date: 1996
- Assessing GMEA’s Economic Impacts: Towards a Benefit-Cost Methodology
In: Atlanta, Georgia: Georgia Institute of Technology, March (Revised October, 1996)
Date: 1995
- Career paths, skill formation, and technological obsolescence
In: The R$$ &D Workers: Managing Innovation in Britain, Germany, Japan and the United States
Date: 1995
- Corporate careers of R&D personnel
In: The R&D Workers: Managing Innovation in Britain, Germany, Japan, and the United States
Date: 1995
- Manufacturing needs, practices and performance in Georgia: 1994 Georgia manufacturing technology survey
In: Atlanta, GA: Georgia Manufacturing Extension Alliance, Georgia Tech Economic Development Institute
Date: 1995
- New public infrastructures for small firm industrial modernization in the USA
In: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 1995
There has been increasing concern in the United States about lagging industrial modernization, especially amongst the nation’s small and midsized manufacturers with 500 or fewer employees. This has prompted a series of new technological infrastructure initiatives by federal and state governments, academic and industry organizations, and other groups. New legislation, policies and programmes have been established to promote industrial competitiveness and modernization for small and midsized firms. After considering the dimensions of the industrial modernization problem, the paper examines US federal and state technological infrastructural interventions aimed at promoting industrial modernization. These include industry and technology centres, industrial extension and technology deployment programmes, industry consortia and networking, and support for conversion from defence to civilian technologies and markets. The paper considers insights and best practices from the US experience with these programmes and discusses issues and policy questions that remain to be addressed. © 1995 Taylor and Francis Ltd. - Adjustment of State Industrial Enterprises in Burgas Region to the New Economic Conditions
In: Problems of Geography
Date: 1994
- After Central Planning: The Restructuring of State Industry in Bulgaria's Bourgas Region
In: European Planning Studies
Date: 1994
Industrial regions in eastern Europe developed under central planning are now confronting the pressures associated with political and economic transition to market-focused systems. Using the case of the Bourgas region, on Bulgaria's Black Sea coast, the article examines how state industries are faring in these new conditions, analyzing developments in production, employment, ownership, management, market-orientation and other factors. Massive financial and human resources were poured into the region's industrial development during more than four decades of state socialism, building a modem industrial infrastructure, but one heavily characterized by the particular features and constraints of central planning which emphasized quantity over quality and large-scale, integrated plants. As central control collapses, the region's state-owned firms are in crisis. Production is down, unemployment has risen, and except for a handful of plants restituted to former owners, privatization is moving slowly. The region's industries have been battered by highly unfavorable outside forces, yet have been mostly unable to marshal the necessary management, financial, or technical resources to implement coherently any indigenous strategic initiatives to address the changed institutional environment and new supply and demand conditions. © 1994, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved. - Determinants of new technology adoption in manufacturing: evidence from West Virginia
In: Research Paper
Date: 1994
- Industrial restructuring and economic development strategies in a Japanese steel town: the case of Kitakyushu
In: Planning for cities and regions in Japan
Date: 1994
- Selected Literature on Japanese Urban and Regional Planning
In: Planning for Cities and Regions in Japan
Date: 1994
- Helping manufacturers do better
In: IEEE Spectrum
Date: 1993
- What is’ Success’ and How Can Progress be Measured?
In: Significant Others: Background Papers,(Chapel Hill: RTS
Date: 1993
- Modernizing small manufacturers in Japan: The role of local public technology centers
In: The Journal of Technology Transfer
Date: December 1992
Japan's hundreds of thousands of small manufacturing enterprises not only provide high-quality inputs to large Japanese companies, but also are becoming innovators and growth generators in their own right. In addition to help from larger customers, small Japanese companies can call upon an array of public support mechanisms, including about 170 local Kohsetsushi examination and technology centers which provide research, testing, training, and guidance for firms with under 300 employees. With their intensive geographical coverage, broad range of technical services, and nominal fees, these centers offer small Japanese firms a readily available and effective source of assistance to improve their manufacturing operations, technology, and products. After reviewing the changing context for small manufacturers in Japan, the article examines the role of local Kohsetsushi centers in small firm modernization. This article considers the history, organization, and services of the Kohsetsushi system, explores the operation of five case study centers, and discusses how small Japanese firms benefit from Kohsetsushi services. Finally, there is an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the Kohsetsushi system. © 1992 Technology Transfer Society. - Lessons from Japan: helping small manufacturers
In: Issues in Science and Technology
Date: 1992
- Smart firms in small towns
Date: 1992
- Strengthening US Manufacturing
In: CIRCUITS ASSEMBLY
Date: 1992
- Modern Times: Learning from State Initiatives in Industrial Extension and Technology Transfer
In: Economic Development Quarterly [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 1990
A growing number of states have initiated programs to disseminate manufacturing technologies through industrial extension services and related programs. These programs generally target small and midsize manufacturers who typically have limited resources to introduce improved manufacturing systems and upgrade their work force. This article examines five state industrial extension or technology transfer programs, looking at their approaches to technology transfer, services provided, targeting, staffing, field service, user fees, and training. Although the programs use varied delivery mechanisms, they all emphasize the value of one-on-one technology transfer relationships with firms and the importance of focusing on pragmatic, easily customizable technologies. The article discusses these and other findings from the state programs and draws some lessons for national policymakers seeking to expand the federal role in upgrading manufacturing technology in small and midsize firms. © 1990, Sage Publications. All rights reserved. - State initiatives to modernize US small and midsized manufacturers
In: Financing Economic Development: An lnstitutional Perspective, ed. RD Bingham, EW Hill, and SB White
Date: 1990
- Parkinson, Michael, Foley, Bernard and Judd, Dennis (eds.)" Regenerating the Cities: The" UK" Crisis and the" US" Experience"(Book Review)
In: Town Planning Review
Date: 1989
- Economic restructuring and the Pacific states
In: ACSP Meetings, Los Angeles, CA. November
Date: 1987
- Marceau, Jane," Education, Urban Development and Local Initiatives"(Book Review)
In: Town Planning Review
Date: 1985
- Urban and rural development in the western United States: emerging conflicts and planning issues.
In: Journal of Architectural & Planning Research
Date: December 1984
It is argued that the West has become fully integrated into the national economy and the forces of change in the region are primarily national rather than regional. Discusses a series of policy-relevant problems, issues, and conflicts that emerge from these economic forces within the West. It is suggested that planners need to move beyond the traditional reactive mode of planning to one that actively seeks to generate more progressive forms of economic development. -from AuthorsDept. of City & Regional Planning, Wurster Hall, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. - Industrial Restructuring: Public Policies for Investment in Advanced Industrial Society
In: The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
Date: 1984
The American economy is undergoing a fundamental process of industrial restructuring. The manufacturing sector is being reorganized and deindustrialized, the location of capital investment is changing, labor markets are becoming increasingly polarized, and new job-displacing technologies are rapidly being introduced. Although this restructuring process maintains profitability for large corporations, it imposes heavy costs on workers and their communities and adversely affects the nation's long-term economic and social stability. As a consequence of restructuring, concern about job retention and creation is higher now than it has been since the 1930s. However, the authors argue, the current policy responses of liberal, industrial policy advocates and conservative less-government proponents are inadequate because they subordinate the needs of workers and their communities in order to restore the conditions of capital accumulation. The authors outline an alternative strategy based on a new national framework for investment, greater community involvement, and increased worker control and certainty over their own livelihoods. © 1984, SAGE PUBLICATIONS. All rights reserved. - The crumbling of smokestack California: A case study in industrial restructuring and the reorganization of work
Date: 1984
- Plant Shutdowns and Job Loss in California
In: California Data Brief
Date: 1983
- Western urban and rural development: emerging conflicts and planning issues.
Date: 1983
- Commercializing Emerging Technologies through Networks: Case of Nanotechnology in the UK
- DIFFERENTIAL OUTCOMES TO STRATEGY–EXPLORING FACTORS SHAPING THE RETURNS TO INNOVATION POLICIES IN CHINA AND RUSSIA
- ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING: THE BRIT
In: social welfare
- Promoting Industrial Networks: Learning from Policy Evaluation–The Case of USNet
In: KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER IN THE INFORMATION AGE
- Rethinking US Research and Innovation Policy
- Richard Barke Federal-State Collaboration in Industrial Modernization
In: School of Public Policy, Georgia institute of Technology (Atlanta, 1992)
- TECHNOLOGY, INNOVATION and POLICY
- The contribution of public funding to science: an investigation of research quality
- Understanding The Critical Issues That Affect Business And Commerce Today
Journal - Editors
- Special Issue: Regional Planning and Innovation-Experiences in North America
Date: 2001
Chapters
- Scientists’ and the Public’s Views of Synthetic Biology
In: Synthetic Biology 2020: Frontiers in Risk Analysis and Governance
Date: 2020
This chapter examines similarities and differences between scientists’ and nonscientists’ views of synthetic biology and the factors that shape them, as well as limitations of available research and the need for more focus on the views of both groups. We combine data from a survey of researchers in synthetic biology and a nationally representative survey of US adults on synthetic biology to compare the characteristics of respondents in each group and how those general characteristics could shape each group’s views. Our analyses found substantial religious and ideological differences between experts and members of the public in the US. We also found that levels of religious guidance and political ideology relate to different perceptions of synthetic biology and in different ways depending on one’s experience as either a researcher in the field or as a member of the public. We call for more, and more detailed, social science research to facilitate effective public engagement that creates space for the variety of views and concerns that will shape synthetic biology and its governance.
- Lessons from 10 years of nanotechnology bibliometric analysis
In: Nanotechnology Environmental Health and Safety: Risks, Regulation, and Management (Third Edition) [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2018
- The next production revolution and institutions for technology diffusion
In: The Next Production Revolution: Implications for Governments and Business [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2017
- The impact of technology and innovation advisory service
In: Handbook on Innovation Policy Impact [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2016
- The economic contributions of nanotechnology to green and sustainable growth
Date: 2015
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.One of the impact promises associated with nanotechnology is that it will facilitate greener and more sustainable economic growth. We explore the extent to which nanotechnology development and commercialization is achieving this goal, drawing on secondary sources and available data. After defi ning the concepts of nanotechnology and green and sustainable development, we examine six nanotechnology application areas that are pertinent to green growth and sustainability. These application areas are assessed relative to their scale and scope through market forecasts, green benefi ts and potential issues and limitations. These six application areas are: nanoenabled solar cells, energy storage, nanogenerators, thermal energy, fuel catalysis, and water treatment. Nanotechnology-enabled applications in these areas offer potential benefi ts, such as reduced costs, less toxicity, greater effi ciency, operating frequency, voltage, reduced complexity, and reliability. However, many sales forecasts associated with these applications have been adjusted downwards not only as a result of the economic downturn in the fi rst decade of the 2000s but also due to the limited value offered by these nanotechnology-enabled application compared to what is already on the market (the incumbent technology). We fi nd that while green nanotechnologies have the potential to make contributions both to addressing green challenges and to fostering sustainable economic development, development and diffusion is taking longer than previously anticipated, and in some cases the promised scale of benefi ts is unlikely to be realized. Additionally, the potential life cycle environmental overheads of some complex engineered nanomaterials must be taken more fully into account in assessing net contributions to green growth. - The economic contributions of nanotechnology to green and sustainable growth
In: Green Processes for Nanotechnology [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2015
- A Trans-Atlantic Conversation on Responsible Innovation and Responsible Governance
In: Little by Little: Expansions of Nanoscience and Emerging Technologies [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2012
- Using Large-scale Databases to Understand the Trajectories of Emerging Technologies
In: Little by Little: Expansions of Nanoscience and Emerging Technologies [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2012
- Innovative and responsible governance of nanotechnology for societal development
Date: 2011
- Metropolitan Development of Nanotechnology: Concentration or Dispersion?
Date: 2011
- Metropolitan Development of Nanotechnology: Concentration or Dispersion?
In: The Yearbook on Nanotechnology in Society: Volume 2 Equity and Equality [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2011
- Nanodistricts
Date: 2011
- An outlook on innovation policy, theory and practice
Date: December 2010
- Innovation and small and midsize enterprises: Innovation dynamics and policy strategies
Date: December 2010
- Introduction. A systemic perspective: The innovation policy dance
Date: December 2010
- China
Date: July 2010
Indeed, even the identity of nanoscience is up for grabs, and many of its societal aspects are still largely unexamined. Despite the name of these volumes, compiling an encyclopedia of nanoscience and society is a quixotic task. Nevertheless ... - Active nanostructures
Date: 2010
- The Innovation System and Innovation Policy in the United States
Date: 2010
- The Innovation System and Innovation Policy in the United States
In: Competing for Global Innovation Leadership: Innovation Systems and Policies in the USA, EU and Asia [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2010
- The potential of nanotechnology for equitable economic development: the case of Brazil
Date: 2010
- United States
Date: 2010
- Women and patenting in nanotechnology: Scale, scope and equity
Date: 2010
- Innovation strategies and manufacturing practices: Insights from the 2005 georgia manufacturing survey
Date: December 2007
- Innovation Strategies and Manufacturing Practices: Insights from the 2005 Georgia Manufacturing Survey
In: Small and Medium-sized Enterprises and the Global Economy [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2007
- How is Innovation Influenced by Science and Technology Policy Governance? Transatlantic Comparisons
Date: 2006
- Innovation challenges and strategies in catch-up regions
Date: 2005
- Early Impacts of a Public Information Infrastructure Access Project
Date: 2004
- Machine tools: The remaking of a traditional sectoral innovation system
Date: 2004
© Cambridge University Press, 2004 and Cambridge University Press, 2009.Introduction: This chapter examines the remaking of innovation processes and boundaries in a traditional sector – the machine tool industry within the mechanical engineering segment of the economy. In the machine tool industry we observe both incremental and fundamental changes in recent years in the organization, scope and form of innovation. These offer useful insights into the driving factors of the development and disaggregation of sectoral systems of innovation. They also demonstrate the value of the concept of an SSI, complementing such parallel concepts as national systems of innovation and the idea of technological trajectories. At the same time, we argue that there is differentiation within and between SSIs that is context-sensitive, not only to broader national and international trends but also to the particular strategic orientations of constituent enterprises and regional technological infrastructures. Our focus is the machine tool industry – a long-established sector in the regional industrial clusters of most advanced economies. We examine: The influence of the regional innovation system elements through reference to existing studies highlighting the regional aspects. The impact of the national innovation systems via comparison between countries for the same sector (Germany, Italy, the United States and Japan). Technological specificities by including an analysis of several characteristic technological developments in the sector. We use these analyses to advance three principal hypotheses about sectoral innovation systems in machine tools. The sectoral boundaries of the innovation system in machine tools have significantly shifted in recent years, in response to competitive and technological changes. - Reducing Barriers to User Access: The LaGrange Public Internet Initiative
In: Media Access: Social and Psychological Dimensions of New Technology Use [Peer Reviewed]
Date: 2004
- Reducing barriers to access via public information infrastructure: The LaGrange public internet initiative
Date: October 2003
- Evaluating manufacturing extension services in the United States: experiences and insights
Date: 2003
- Teaching Science and Technology Policy: The Case of the Public Policy School at Georgia Institute of Technology
Date: 1999
- Technology deployment through manufacturing extension: US policies, insights and challenges
Date: 1998
- Georgia’s Advanced Technology Development Center: An Assessment
Date: 1997
- Evaluation of Industrial Modernization
Date: 1996
- Modernizing small manufacturers in the United States and Japan: public technological infrastructures and strategies
Date: 1996
- From Steeltown to Spaceworld: Steel Industry Restructuring and Economic Adjustment in Kitakyushu City
Date: 1993
Conferences
- Nanotechnology Research in Post-Soviet Russia: Science System Path-Dependencies and their Influences
Date: 2015
- Blind matching versus matchmaking: Comparison group selection for highly creative researchers
Date: December 2009
This research examines approaches for constructing a comparison group relative to highly creative researchers in nanotechnology and human genetics in the US and Europe. Such a comparison group would be useful in identifying factors that contribute to scientific creativity in these emerging fields. Two comparison group development approaches are investigated. The first approach is based on propensity score analysis and the second is based on knowledge from the literature on scientific creativity and early career patterns. In the first approach, the log of citations over the years of activity in the domains under analysis produces a significant result, but the distribution of matches is not adequate at the middle and high ends of the scale. The second approach matches highly creative researchers in nanotechnology and human genetics with a comparison group of researchers that have the same or similar early career characteristics were considered: (1) same first year of publication (2) same subject category of the first publication, (3) similar publication volume for the first six years in the specified emerging domain. High levels of diversity among the highly creative researchers, especially those in human genetics, underscore the difficulties of constructing a comparison group to understand factors that have brought about their level of performance. - Practices and plans for sustainability in Georgia's pulp and paper sector: Results from the Georgia manufacturing survey 2008
Date: December 2009
• Pulp and paper manufacturers "greener" than other industries, except in employee training • For technology adoption, greater emphasis on energy audits, but less on ISO 14000, life cycle costing • Within this industry, not many size differences, some differences between mills and nonmills • Knowledge sources: suppliers most common, but offer least distinctive advantage • Reducing energy intensity presents opportunity for enhanced productivity. - The role of Brazilian firms in nanotechnology development
Date: 2009
- Dimensions of innovation in the pulp and paper manufacturing industry: Insights from the 2005 Georgia manufacturing survey
Date: December 2006
The need to enhance innovation capacities has received growing attention in recent years. This paper aims to profile innovation methods within the pulp and paper industry based on a survey of Georgia manufacturing establishments. Pulp and paper respondents are compared with those in other industries in terms of their introduction of new or significantly improved products, processes, and organizational approaches and differences in firm size and type of pulp and paper operation are noted. Three unobserved dimensions of innovation- intellectual property-based, supply-chain based, and business process based-are identified through exploratory factor analysis and differences by sector are highlighted. Pulp and paper firms are generally found to lead other sectors in supply chain and process innovation, but lag in intellectual property based innovation. - Defining the nanotechnology domain in a real time technology assessment
Date: 2006
- Assessing methods for evaluating state technology development programs: Recommendations for the Georgia Research Alliance
Date: 1997
- Manufacturing modernization: Implications of evaluation results for program improvement and policy development
Date: 1997
Working Papers
- Building the bioeconomy: A targeted assessment approach to identifying biobased technologies, challenges and opportunities in the UK
In: bioRxiv
Date: August 2023
We explore opportunities, challenges, and strategies to translate and responsibly scale innovative biobased technologies to build more sustainable bioeconomies. The pandemic and other recent disruptions have increased exposure to issues of resilience and regional imbalance and raised attention to pathways that could shift production and consumption regimes based more on local biobased resources and dispersed production. The paper reviews potential biobased technologies strategies and then identifies promising and feasible options with a focus on the United Kingdom. Initial landscape and bibliometric analyses identified 50 potential existing and emerging potential biobased technologies. These technologies were assessed for their ability to fulfil requirements related to biobased production, national applicability, and economic, societal, and environmental benefits, leading to identification of 18 promising biobased production technologies. Through further analysis and focus group discussion with industrial, governmental, academic, agricultural, and social stakeholders, three technology clusters were identified for targeted assessment, drawing on cellulose-, lignin-, and seaweed-feedstocks. Case studies for each of these clusters were developed, addressing conversations around sustainable management and the use of biomass feedstocks, and associated environmental, social, and economic challenges. These cases are presented with discussion of insights and implications for policy. The approach presented in the paper is put forward as a scalable assessment method which can be useful in prompting, informing, and advancing discussion and deliberation on opportunities and challenges for biobased transformations.
- Applications and Societal Implications of Artificial Intelligence in Manufacturing: A Systematic Review
In: arXiv
Date: July 2023
This paper undertakes a systematic review of relevant extant literature to consider the potential societal implications of the growth of AI in manufacturing. We analyze the extensive range of AI applications in this domain, such as interfirm logistics coordination, firm procurement management, predictive maintenance, and shop-floor monitoring and control of processes, machinery, and workers. Additionally, we explore the uncertain societal implications of industrial AI, including its impact on the workforce, job upskilling and deskilling, cybersecurity vulnerability, and environmental consequences. After building a typology of AI applications in manufacturing, we highlight the diverse possibilities for AI's implementation at different scales and application types. We discuss the importance of considering AI's implications both for individual firms and for society at large, encompassing economic prosperity, equity, environmental health, and community safety and security. The study finds that there is a predominantly optimistic outlook in prior literature regarding AI's impact on firms, but that there is substantial debate and contention about adverse effects and the nature of AI's societal implications. The paper draws analogies to historical cases and other examples to provide a contextual perspective on potential societal effects of industrial AI. Ultimately, beneficial integration of AI in manufacturing will depend on the choices and priorities of various stakeholders, including firms and their managers and owners, technology developers, civil society organizations, and governments. A broad and balanced awareness of opportunities and risks among stakeholders is vital not only for successful and safe technical implementation but also to construct a socially beneficial and sustainable future for manufacturing in the age of AI.
- Large-Scale Text Analysis Using Generative Language Models: A Case Study in Discovering Public Value Expressions in AI Patents
In: arXiv
Date: May 2023
Labeling data is essential for training text classifiers but is often difficult to accomplish accurately, especially for complex and abstract concepts. Seeking an improved method, this paper employs a novel approach using a generative language model (GPT-4) to produce labels and rationales for large-scale text analysis. We apply this approach to the task of discovering public value expressions in US AI patents. We collect a database comprising 154,934 patent documents using an advanced Boolean query submitted to InnovationQ+. The results are merged with full patent text from the USPTO, resulting in 5.4 million sentences. We design a framework for identifying and labeling public value expressions in these AI patent sentences. A prompt for GPT-4 is developed which includes definitions, guidelines, examples, and rationales for text classification. We evaluate the quality of the labels and rationales produced by GPT-4 using BLEU scores and topic modeling and find that they are accurate, diverse, and faithful. These rationales also serve as a chain-of-thought for the model, a transparent mechanism for human verification, and support for human annotators to overcome cognitive limitations. We conclude that GPT-4 achieved a high-level of recognition of public value theory from our framework, which it also uses to discover unseen public value expressions. We use the labels produced by GPT-4 to train BERT-based classifiers and predict sentences on the entire database, achieving high F1 scores for the 3-class (0.85) and 2-class classification (0.91) tasks. We discuss the implications of our approach for conducting large-scale text analyses with complex and abstract concepts and suggest that, with careful framework design and interactive human oversight, generative language models can offer significant advantages in quality and in reduced time and costs for producing labels and rationales.
- Evaluating the Long-Term Effect of NIST MEP Services on Establishment Performance
Date: March 2015
This work examines the effects of receipt of business assistance services from the Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP) on manufacturing establishment performance. Several measures of performance are considered: (1) change in value-added per employee (a measure of productivity); (2) change in sales per worker; (3) change in employment; and (4) establishment survival. To analyze these relationships, we merged program records from the MEP’s client and project information files with administrative records from the Census of Manufacturers and other Census databases over the periods 1997–2002 and 2002–2007 to compare the outcomes and performance of “served” and “unserved” manufacturing establishments. The approach builds on, updates, and expands upon earlier studies comparing matched MEP client and non-client performance over time periods ending in 1992 and 2002. Our results generally indicate that MEP services had positive and significant impacts on establishment productivity and sales per worker for the 2002–2007 period with some exceptions based on employment size, industry, and type of service provided. MEP services also increased the probability of establishment survival for the 1997–2007 period. Regardless of econometric model specification, MEP clients with 1–19 employees have statistically significant and higher levels of labor productivity growth. We also observed significant productivity differences associated with MEP services by broad sector, with higher impacts over the 2002–2007 time period in the durable goods manufacturing sector. The study further finds that establishments receiving MEP assistance are more likely to survive than those that do not receive MEP assistance. Detailed findings of the study, as well as caveats and limitations, are discussed in the paper. - Designing the New American University: A Review
Date: 2015
- Graphene Research and Enterprise: Mapping Innovation and Business Growth in a Strategic Emerging Technology
Date: 2015
- Institutions for Technology Diffusion
Date: 2015
- Impact of technology and innovation advisory services
Date: July 2014
This report identifies and reviews literature that evaluates the impacts of technology and innovation advisory services. These services provide information, technical assistance, consulting, mentoring, and other services to support enterprises in adopting and deploying new technologies and in commercialising innovations. Examples include the: Manufacturing Advisory Service (England), the Manufacturing Extension Partnership (USA), and the Industrial Research Assistance Program (Canada). Technology and innovation advisory services are also provided by technology centres and other business assistance programmes. Such services are typically targeted at small and medium-sized enterprises. A defining capability of technology and innovation advisory services is the offer of expert one-on-one guidance to individual companies through extension staff, field offices, or dispersed technology centres. The available studies generally find that technology and innovation advisory services provide positive benefits for participating firms. The types of benefits achieved include reductions in costs, improved quality, reduced waste and improved environmental performance, higher productivity, and new product development and innovation. Net benefits achieved are typically relatively modest, although commensurate with the relatively small amounts of public funding usually invested in technology and innovation advisory services. More intense and customised services can improve results. Applying best practices in the operation and delivery of technology and innovation services, including attention to outreach, staff capability, long-term engagement, flexibility, organisational stability, and linkage with other services, increases the likelihood of programme effectiveness and impact. - Career-based influences on scientific recognition in the United States and Europe: Longitudinal evidence from curriculum vitae data
Date: 2014
- Connecting Research on Social Issues in Nanotechnology: The Center for Nanotechnology in Society at Arizona State University
Date: 2014
Central to the emergence of new research topics is the creation of a research network. This paper looks at the creation of a network of researchers of social issues in nanotechnology and the role of the Center for Nanotechnology in Society at Arizona State University (CNS-ASU) in the creation of this network. While there has been US investment in societal research on nanotechnology, a debate exists about the extent to which a research community has been created through these investments. This paper uses three approaches to examine the extent to which CNS-ASU is associated with the development of a research network around the study of social issues in nanotechnology: geographic mapping of co-authors and citations of center publications, network analysis of co-authors of papers on social issues in nanotechnology, and a disciplinary analysis of these papers. The results indicate that there is an extensive network of co-authorships among researchers studying social issues in nanotechnology with CNS-ASU at the center of this network. The center’s publication reach expands beyond its formal geographic locations to encompass co-authors in nearly all US states and multiple countries. In addition, papers written by center members and affiliates integrate a diverse range of disciplines. - Nanotechnology Research and Innovation in Russia: A Bibliometric Analysis
Date: 2014
- Impacts of Innovation Policy: Synthesis and Conclusions
Date: 2013
- Evaluating the impact of MEP services on establishment performance: A preliminary empirical investigation
Date: 2012
- Stimulating Business Innovation: Making Manchester a leader in enterprise innovation support
Date: 2011
- Strengthening Greater Manchester’s Economic Base through Science, Innovation and Research and Development
Date: 2011
- Graphene Research Profile: UK and US Publications, 2000-2010
Date: October 2010
In this document we provide an overview of graphene research that appears in the Web of Science (WOS) during the timeframe 2000 to 2010, inclusive. WOS databases that contain graphene research articles include SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI and A&HCI. The search strategy used in this profile was a simple one: all WOS articles from 2000 to 2010 whose title contained the keyword ‘graphene’ were downloaded and analyzed using VantagePoint textmining software. The search strategy used resulted in a total of 4,706 publications spanning 11 years, 313 journals, 78 countries, 1,433 institutional affiliations and 7,617 authors. After a brief presentation of global results, there is a focus on graphene research in the UK and US. - Innovation for the Manchester City Region: A Discussion Paper
Date: 2009
- Public Research Lab and other Scientific Collaborations of the Manchester City Region: A Bibliometric Analysis
Date: 2009
- Eureka! Winning Ways: Analysis of Early Client Experiences
Date: August 2008
- Technological diversity, scientific excellence and the location of inventive activities abroad: the case of nanotechnology
Date: 2008
Our contribution to the expanding literature on the globalization of research and innovation is to investigate the extent to which sector-specific developments in an emerging technology (such as increasing interdisciplinarity and complexity) affect inventive activities developed abroad. We look at how technological diversity and scientific excellence of host countries in the field of nanotechnology affect the development of inventive activities by US multinational companies (MNCs). We identify the most active US-based MNCs in nanotechnology-related patenting and examine location decisions of these companies and their international subsidiaries. Econometric results confirm our hypothesis that the technological breadth of host countries positively influences the expected number of inventions developed abroad by US MNCs. Science capabilities of countries also have a positive impact on the decision to invent abroad, while the influence of market specific factors is less clear. We interpret these results as suggesting that host country science capabilities are important to attract innovative activities by MNCs, but as the interdisciplinary and convergent nature of nanotechnology evolves, access to a broadly diversified knowledge base becomes important in increasing the relative attractiveness of host locations.
- Defining a Research Domain in an Emerging Technology: Vaccine Research in the State of Georgia
Date: October 2007
This paper presents an approach for measuring emerging technologies in the context of mature industries. In particular, this article focuses on vaccine-related research. Although vaccines comprise an established industry, new developments in biotechnology have led to emerging area in vaccine R&D, including therapeutic vaccines; subunit and DNA-based vaccines; advances in vaccine delivery; and new methodologies for vaccine design, manufacturing, and testing. Defining this field is challenging because it spans multiple disciplines, including biotechnology, public health, and epidemiology. To gain an understanding of the field as it is related to biomedical research, we focused our study parameters to concentrate on these aspects of vaccine technology. Our empirical work examines vaccine research in our targeted domain in Georgia, USA. We use a multi-dimensional knowledge output approach, employing a combination of measures such as research article publications, citations, patents, and keyword analysis. We identify Georgia’s top scientists (and how they are integrated into the overall vaccine research network), top affiliations, commercialization capacity, and specializations and gaps in specific vaccine research areas. - R&D Performance Measurement in the International Context: The Case of the United States Federal Government R&D Agencies
Date: 2007
- R&D Policy in the United States: The Promotion of Nanotechnology
Date: 2007
- Traditional versus decentralized innovation strategies of multinational enterprises
Date: 2007
In this paper we investigate innovation strategies of foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs) by distinguishing between traditional centralized and newer decentralized competence models. In centralized competence models, MNEs maintain core research and development (R&D) functions at home, and conduct design and market screening in host locations. In decentralized competence models, MNEs also undertake R&D in host country locations. We test empirically the interrelations and heterogeneities among these three types of host country affiliate innovation activities: design, market-screening, and R&D. Our results indicate that traditional and new roles of MNEs are complements, although the determinants of each strategy are somewhat different. The presence of local knowledge spillovers is positively associated with the probability that an affiliate does R&D, design, and market-screening activities. R&D activities are more likely to appear when an affiliate has more developed internal capabilities and has been operating for a longer time in the host country. Our findings provide some support for the predictions of decentralized competence models.
- Traditional versus decentralized innovation strategies of multinational enterprises
Date: 2007
In this paper we investigate innovation strategies of foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs) by distinguishing between traditional centralized and newer decentralized competence models. In centralized competence models, MNEs maintain core research and development (R&D) functions at home, and conduct design and market screening in host locations. In decentralized competence models, MNEs also undertake R&D in host country locations. We test empirically the interrelations and heterogeneities among these three types of host country affiliate innovation activities: design, market-screening, and R&D. Our results indicate that traditional and new roles of MNEs are complements, although the determinants of each strategy are somewhat different. The presence of local knowledge spillovers is positively associated with the probability that an affiliate does R&D, design, and market-screening activities. R&D activities are more likely to appear when an affiliate has more developed internal capabilities and has been operating for a longer time in the host country. Our findings provide some support for the predictions of decentralized competence models. - Product and Service Innovation: Final Report
Date: June 2006
- Briefing Paper: Refining Search Terms for Nanotechnology
Date: 2006
- Innovation in Manufacturing: Needs, Practices, and Performance in Georgia, 2002-2005
Date: August 2005
- Change and innovation in Georgia manufacturing: A 10 year perspective
Date: 2005
Small and medium-sized manufacturers in the United States are experiencing increasing challenges in today’s global economy. U.S. manufacturing employment declined by nearly 13 percent from 1998 to 2002. More than 2.25 million manufacturing jobs were lost during this time period. Ninety-eight percent of all manufacturers, or approximately 350,000 enterprises are small or mid-sized, having 500 or fewer employees. These enterprises account for over half of the value of U.S. industrial production, and employ about 10 million jobs or two-thirds of all U.S. manufacturing workers. These workers earn in excess of twice the wages of retail workers.
- Change and innovation in Georgia manufacturing: A 10 year perspective
Date: 2005
Small and medium-sized manufacturers in the United States are experiencing increasing challenges in today’s global economy. U.S. manufacturing employment declined by nearly 13 percent from 1998 to 2002. More than 2.25 million manufacturing jobs were lost during this time period. Ninety-eight percent of all manufacturers, or approximately 350,000 enterprises are small or mid-sized, having 500 or fewer employees. These enterprises account for over half of the value of U.S. industrial production, and employ about 10 million jobs or two-thirds of all U.S. manufacturing workers. These workers earn in excess of twice the wages of retail workers. - University–Industry Relationships: Creating and Commercializing Knowledge in Georgia
Date: 2004
- Enhancing the Yamacraw Cluster
Date: 2002
- Manufacturing Needs, Practices, and Performance in Georgia, 1999-2002
Date: 2002
- Technology Infusion: Assessing Current and Best Practice Programs
Date: September 2000
- Manufacturing Partnerships: Coordinating Industrial Modernization Services Phase II Final Report
Date: August 1998
This report presents the findings from the second phase of a project that has tracked efforts to promote service coordination within the U.S. Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP). The first phase of the study, which was conducted in 1995-96, examined the initial development, operation, and effects of initiatives to foster local service coordination in the MEP system. The second phase of the study was conducted in 1997-98 and probed subsequent changes in how MEP centers coordinated services with partner organizations, drawing on case studies and other information about partnership activities. The study reviewed best practices for service coordination and developed recommendations for the MEP’s federal sponsor, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). - Summary of Manufacturing Extension Impact Studies, Georgia Tech Policy Project on Industrial Modernization
Date: 1998
- Manufacturing Needs, Practices and Performance in Georgia: 1994-1998
Date: May 1997
- Net benefits: An assessment of manufacturing business networks and their impacts on member companies
Date: 1997
- GMEA Customer Progress: Results of a One Year Follow-up Survey
Date: 1995
- Technology Deployment to Small and Mid-sized Enterprises: Performance, Challenges, and Policy Issues
Date: 1995
- Georgia Manufacturing Extension Alliance: Overview of the Evaluation Plan
Date: 1994
- Modernizing small and mid-sized manufacturing enterprises: US and Japanese approaches
Date: 1994
- Procedures for Pilot of Firm-Level Customer Profile and Customer Evaluation of Services
Date: 1994
- USNet 1994 State baseline assessment: preliminary analysis
Date: 1994
- Survey of technology use in West Virginia manufacturing
Date: 1993
- Federal-State collaboration in industrial modernization
Date: 1992
- Modernization in the Mountains?: The Diffusion of Industrial Technology in West Virginia Manufacturing
Date: 1990
- Survey of Technology Use in West Virginia Manufacturing: Preliminary Report
Date: 1990
- Growth and turbulence in the California economy
Date: 1989
- Manufacturing in an International Economy: Rethinking Regional Linkages and Strategies
Date: 1988
- Industrial restructuring and worker transition in California manufacturing
Date: 1987
- Economic Development Analysis and Planning in Advanced Industrialized Economies: A Bibliography
Date: 1983
- New challenges for rural economic development.
Date: 1983
Presentations
- Systems for Regional Development in Japan: From Technology Transfer to Innovation Promotion
Date: 2004
Reports
- Georgia Manufacturing Survey 2018: Securing Georgia’s Manufacturing Future
In: gms-ei2.org
Date: 2018
- Georgia Manufacturing Survey 2008
Date: 2008
- Analysis of empirical surveys on organisational innovation and lessons for future community innovation surveys: scientific follow-up of the community innovation survey (CIS)-project no. 8 (CIS 98/191)
Date: 2000
- Surveying organisational innovation on a European level: challenges and options
Date: 2000
- Manufacturing Modernization: Learning from Evaluation, Practices and Results
Date: 1997
- Rapporteur’s Summary in Diffusing Technology to Industry: Government Policies and Programmes
Date: 1997
- Manufacturing assistance program needs assessment guide
Date: 1995
- A Guide to Best Practices in Industrial Modernization
Date: 1994
- Survey of Industrial Enterprises in Burgas, Bulgaria-Report of Survey
Date: 1992
- Modernizing manufacturing: New policies to build industrial extension services
Date: 1990
- Industrial Services Programs
Date: 1989
- The National Science Foundation’s Engineering Research Centers: Changing the Culture of US Engineering
Date: 1988
- California Small Business Resource Directory
Date: 1985
Thesis / Dissertations
- The Uneven Economy and the State in Massachusetts
Date: 1979
- Industry and jobs in transition: A study of industrial restructuring and worker displacement in California
Other Publications
- Advanced Technology and the Future of US Manufacturing
Date: April 2004
- US national innovation system: Science, technology and innovation policy developments
Date: 2004
- Bulgaria in Transition: Environmental Consequences of Political and Economic Transformation
Date: 1999
- Bulgaria in Transition: Environmental consequences of political and economic transformation
Date: 1999
- Planning for Cities and Regions in Japan
Date: 1996
- The R&D workers: managing innovation in Britain, Germany, Japan, and the United States
Date: 1996